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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

安徽省黄山市2019-2020学年高一下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    If an emperor penguin wants to survive in the worst of an Antarctic winter, there is no such thing as personal space. The large birds are known to stay very close to each other, feather to feather, in groups of thousands to keep out the cold.

    For the first time, German researchers show that these gatherings are carefully organized structures, in which single penguins can cause mass movements within the group that is similar to the movements of cars in a traffic jam.

    "If one penguin starts a wave, perhaps walking too close to its neighbor, it travels like a Mexican wave in a football stadium," said physicist Daniel Zitterbart. The Mexican wave happens when all the people watching a sport stand up, move their arms up and down, and sit down again one after the other in a continuous movement looking like a wave on the sea.

    Emperor penguins gather in formation when the temperatures drop below -18℃, using each other's bodies to keep warm. They arrived at an arrangement that physicists recognize as a "triangular lattice structure", with a penguin at each point of the triangle. "They gather just by their natural ability," said Zitterbart who filmed and then analyzed the movements of the penguins.

    The researchers explain that the movements of a single bird within the huddle (挤作一团的动物) can set off a chain reaction that travels through the rest of the group.

    That movement is similar to what happens when a single car in a traffic jam moves forward, setting off a chain reaction of tiny movements by all of the cars behind it. But there's a difference: only the first car in the jam can start off the group movement. On the ice, any penguin among the crowd can cause a wave of small movements.

    "This is one case where a traffic jam is very useful," said Zitterbart.

(1)、What do we know about the Mexican wave?
A、It is the major cause of penguins movements. B、It is a dangerous incident that happens in stadium. C、It is a complex structure organized by penguins. D、It works like the movements of cars in a traffic jam.
(2)、Penguins' formations             .
A、often cause trouble B、are well arranged C、are taught by physicists D、usually move in a square shape
(3)、What will happen if a penguin moves in the huddle?
A、Other penguins will move one after another. B、The penguins will spread out on the ice. C、The whole group will move to another place. D、Other penguins will just stay where they are.
(4)、Penguins "traffic jam" can help them         .
A、hatch their eggs B、communicate C、keep warm D、protect their feathers
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

    During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

    He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in the strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a faraway country while trying to settle down in a new one.

    Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile(堆) of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath.

    My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件). Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar(不熟悉的) papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

    That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

阅读理解

Cocoa Beach /Jupiter Surf Camp — Summer

Summer Surf Camp is centrally located on the Best Western seashore in Cocoa Beach & Jupiter at Carlin Beach Park with accommodations(住宿) at the Holiday Inn Express in Juno Beach.

Summer Surf Camp Dates:

● Surf Camp — Session 1     May 27th—30th         Family Surf Week (All Ages)

● Surf Camp — Session 2     June 2nd—6th           Family Surf Week (All Ages)

● Surf Camp — Session 3     June9th—13th           Team Week (Ages 12—17)

● Surf Camp — Session 4     June16th—20th          Family Surf Week (All Ages)

● Surf Camp — Session 5     June23rd—27th          Adults Only (18 and over)

● Surf Camp — Session 6     June30th—July 3rd       Family Surf Week (All Ages)

● Surf Camp — Session 7     July 7th—11th           Family Surf Week (All Ages)

● Surf Camp — Session 8     July 14th—18th          Women's Camp (18 and over)

● Surf Camp — Session 9     July 21st—25th          Family Surf Week (All Ages)

● Surf Camp — Session 10    July 28th—August 1st     Adults Only (18 and over)

* A 20% discount will be applied to the 4-Day Surf Camp Weeks.

* Parents are always welcome to sign up and join their children during the teen week surf camp sessions.

Summer Camp Details:

● Use coupon(优惠券) code: “Camp5” at checkout to get the 5% discount

* Daily Rate: $125.00 / person

* Surf Camp Runs: 9:30 am — 2:30 pm

● Please note: We don't supervise(监督) the campers after 2: 45 pm.

* Directions to Camp: click here

Contact us: 888-672-4887 info@floridasurflessons.com

阅读理解

    Rome, Paris and New York are the world's top fashion cities, all of which have produced some of the top trends, from fashionable skirts to the hottest new shoes. But have you ever wondered about the negative ideas that they have enforced?

    In April 2016, the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in Britain banned an ad from Gucci that featured models dancing around and having fun, because they were all extremely skinny. Banning ads due to the models' extreme figures isn't new. The ASA banned an ad in 2015 for the same reason. In France, it has been ruled that models are to provide a doctor's note providing that they are at a healthy weight.

    So what is the healthy weight for models? Twenty years ago, the average fashion model weighed 8% less than the average woman. Today, they weigh 23% less.

    People may think that being at an unhealthy weight will help them gain the benefits that the models do. This provides a standard of beauty, and therefore people who want to achieve those things may attempt to obtain them through unhealthy ways. People may think that they are overweight, due to the images of models1 thin figures. They see something wrong with their bodies, whether they are overweight or not. This is a key factor in a lowered body image, low self-esteem, depression and possibly even eating disorders.

    I'm not blaming the fashion industry by any means. It's not their fault that many people look up to the models and expect to live a life like theirs. I am glad that the ASA is raising its voices when discussing the growing issue of body images in the fashion industry. By banning photos and videos, speaking out against them and pushing for doctor's notes from the models, it's pushing for the ideas that the traditional fashion industry's body image demands should be changed and something more needs to be questioned.

阅读理解

    There's a new frontier (新领域) in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.

    Food production

    With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated (复杂的) chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.

    Nutrition

    Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food to meet their own nutritional needs, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand.”

    Challenges

    Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.

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