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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

上海市徐汇区2020届高三英语二模试卷(含听力音频)

阅读理解

    Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a person's mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to judge other people's feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile indicates happiness.

    Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.

    This may raise questions about the efforts of information-technology companies to develop artificial-intelligence algorithms (算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out a person's underlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its "Emotion API" is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them. Another of the study's authors, however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, said that companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand the importance of context.

    For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal ways,such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned an experiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man's face, which was bright red with his mouth open in a scream. Based on this alone, most participants said the man was extremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his arms outstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.

    Given that people cannot guess each other's emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to. "There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people," he says. "Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learning system. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking."

(1)、We can learn from the second paragraph that __________.
A、facial expressions are universal across cultures B、it is hard to recognize some facial expressions C、emotions and facial expressions may not be related D、common facial expressions convey similar meanings
(2)、In the passage, the word "scepticism" (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to "__________".
A、similar interest B、fierce anger C、strong support D、great doubt
(3)、The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that ___________.
A、facial expression is an important way to communicate B、machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at all C、facial expression is not the only way to detect feelings D、people may misread facial expressions for lack of context
(4)、What does this passage mainly tell us?
A、Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language. B、Computers can detect people's mind by analyzing their facial expressions. C、Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person's emotions. D、Companies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Are you interested in some of the most popular brands such as Beats headphones, True Religion jeans, and UGG shoes? They are also expensive. But some experts say they are not much better than cheaper brands.

    For example, Jim Wilcox works for Consumer Reports. He tested all kinds of headphones. He says that $80 Koss Pro headphones provide basically the same quality and comfort as Beats. So why do people pay twice or even 10 times as much for the hottest brands?

    Experts say it's because fashionable, expensive brands send a message. Brands say “I belong” or “I can afford it.”

    Some people think that expensive brand names are worth the price. They say that some designer clothes are really top quality and that they last longer than cheaper brands. Some teenagers choose to wear popular brands because these brands make them feel good about themselves.

    Alexandra Allam, 17, likes to buy brand-name products. “I'd rather spend the extra money to get something I know I'll be satisfied with,” she says. Her friend Emmy Swan agrees, saying “As long as you can afford it, it seems reasonable to buy what you want.” But not all teenagers agree. “Spending hundreds of dollars for designer sunglasses is stupid and unreasonable,” says Daniel Steinbrecher, 16. “It's fake (假的) happiness.”

    People who are against wearing expensive brand names say that many designer brands aren't any better. “It's wasteful to buy things just because they are popular,” says Edmund Williams, 15. “You'll feel better if you buy things because you like them. If you have extra money to spend, it would be better to give it to people in need.”

阅读理解

    One evening, author Neil's son was angry. Neil had said one of those things that parents say, like “isn't it time you were in bed.” His son looked up at him, angry and said, “I wish I didn't have a dad! I wish I had … a goldfish!” That conversation gave birth to Neil's book, “The Day I Swapped My Dad for Two Goldfish”. The book is a funny adventure of a son searching for the dad he swapped.

    Whether they realize it or not, fathers play an important role in their children's development. Roland Warren, Director of the National Fatherhood Initiative, says that, “The shape of their dads has a role in the kids' soul.” I agree. We live in the best of times and the worst of times for fatherhood. We live in the best of times because fathers who are engaged in their child's life spend more time than fathers of any previous generation. We live in the worst of times because there are still millions of children who continue to miss the regular presence of Dad.

    What difference does a dad make? Are they really that important? For the most part, studies have proved clearly that fathers, whether they live with their children or not, matter in the lives of their children. When fathers are present, they provide economic support for their children and caregiving responsibilities. Well-fathered children are shown to be more emotionally intelligent and socially successful as adults. When fathers are absent, their absence may negatively influence children's academic achievement, general behavioural adjustment and anger management, especially in males.

    Yet just being physically present isn't enough to be a great father. It is important that a dad be warm and emotionally available to his child. Author and researcher, John Gottman, describes this kind of father as an “emotion coaching father”. Emotion coaches are parents who listen to their children's feelings, see the sharing of feelings as an opportunity for intimacy(亲密). It is not just the mere presence of fathers that matters, but how they are present. Most children long for and need a loving, devoted and responsible father.

阅读理解

    It was with heavy hearts that my son and I worked to prepare his car for a milestone journey—the day he moved across the country after twenty years of living under my roof.

    Our work went slowly into the afternoon.The Sunday baseball game came on.Our hometown Cardinals were playing the Atlanta Braves.I overheard bits of the TV broadcast—Atlanta took a two-run lead as we were packing the trunk.After that I became absorbed in glum thoughts about his departure and forgot about the game.Suddenly I heard the door open.“Dad,”he said,“let's watch the game.They're only down by a run.”

    His red-colored eyes instantly told me that he,too,found this to be difficult and wanted to share one last father-son moment.Without hesitation I led the way to the TV set.There,we found the Cards losing 3—1.“Oh,”he said,“they're down two runs.”His voice cracked with doubt.“I thought they were coming back.”“That's fine,”I said,wanting so much to string this moment.“Let's watch anyway.”

    The Cards got to bat last.First a single,and then another.Suddenly the game became very interesting.When David Eckstein parked the third pitch(投球)into the seats,we were transformed,jumping up and down.That's when the magic moment came.The sadness of that day was replaced by the exciting baseball game,something we had done many times together before.

    Then he left.It was a sad day when I helped my son pack and get ready to move away to college.But this moment of joy mixed with sadness made the day,the trip and our life seem so right.

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