题型：选词填空（语篇） 题类：模拟题 难易度：普通
上海市徐汇区2020届高三英语二模试卷（含听力音频）
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A. motive B. deliberately C. convinced D. injurious E. alerts F. desperately G. swept H. accounts I. unconscious J. preserving K. charging |
Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales
Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was onto its chest, between the whale's massive flippers (鳍). "That incident me," he says. "Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn't explain."
Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. "There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks killer whales," he says.
In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it's happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. "Why," they wrote, "would humpbacks interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?"
Interestingly, humpbacks don't just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don't know who is in danger until they get there. That's because the sound that them to an attack isn't the sad voice of the victim. It's the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instruction: "When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up."
I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.
A. maintained B. serious C. indications D. figures E. anxious F. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversed |
Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.
Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made{#blank#}1{#/blank#} , the nutrition inspector said.
Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight {#blank#}2{#/blank#}.
"There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a {#blank#}3{#/blank#}to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."
He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek{#blank#}4{#/blank#}to put calorie counts on all their menus.
A trial scheme（试行方案） with 21 food companies took place last summer, and {#blank#}5{#/blank#}are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.
A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is {#blank#}6{#/blank#} to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.
Government{#blank#}7{#/blank#}suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not {#blank#}8{#/blank#}, this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at {#blank#}9{#/blank#} risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.
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A. coupled B. currently C. head D. depressing E. product F. target G. suggest H. capability I. score J potentially K. tricky |
Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem's Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber's What Do You Mean? were more likely to {#blank#}1{#/blank#} highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.
Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic {#blank#}2{#/blank#} in an attempt to help marketers {#blank#}3{#/blank#} consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they're in. They infer this from the sort of music you're listening to, {#blank#}4{#/blank#} with where and when you're listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.
Now, to be clear, there's nothing particularly {#blank#}5{#/blank#} about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you're listening to the songs that {#blank#}6{#/blank#} you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it {#blank#}7{#/blank#}that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.
You can see where this could go, can't you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in {#blank#}8{#/blank#} exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a {#blank#}9{#/blank#} if you're feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. And on that note, I'm feeling a little down about all this. I'll {#blank#}10{#/blank#} off to treat myself to something expensive.
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