D

    There is a lake near a forest in Sweden. The water in the lake is very clear and everything is quiet and still. On the far side of the water is some farmland and further away, across the field, is an old church built on a hill. It has just stopped raining. The brook(小溪) flowing into the lake is full and there is still some half-melted(半融化的) snow from last winter on the ground.

    The reason the water is so clear, and everything is so quiet and still, is that most of the plant and animal life in and around the lake is dead. There are no birds because all the fish and insects, which the birds need for food, have disappeared. Many trees in the forest are losing their leaves and bark (树皮), and are sick and dying. Others were blown down by the high winds of last winter. A farmer is working in a field planting something, but unless he plants a stronger kind of seed this year, the crop will be between 25 to 40 percent lower than a few years ago. The stones of the old church tower are turning to powder and unless the tower is repaired soon, it will fall down.

    All the death and destruction(破坏) in this place is caused by the smoke coming out of factories and poisonous gases from cars and trucks. And yet this silent lake is hundreds of meters aways from the nearest factory and highway.

    The World Health Organization(世界卫生组织) says air pollution kills seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.

    However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect(影响) your brain and your ability to think.

A new study shows that air pollution can cause a "huge" reduction(减少)in our intelligence(智商).The researchers reported that long-term exposure(暴露) to air pollution can affect a person's mental(智力的) abilities in two areas: language and math.

Xi Chen, the researcher of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person's education level by about one year.

    Chen said that the effect(结果) generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education.

    "The older persons-they are more affected. And we find, quite interestingly, men are more affected than women. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors.

The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on language ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated.

    Why were language skills more affected than math? There are two main kinds of tissue(组织)in the brain: white matter and grey matter. White matter is more connected with a person's language skills, while grey matter is connected to our ability to solve math problems. Studies have shown that air pollution has a great effect on the white matter in the brain, but not the grey matter.

    Chen said that air pollution did affect the math skills, just not as much as their language skills.

Twenty years ago，almost all nurses were women，and almost all pilots were men. Today this has 1 . The2 are the same，but men and women have different roles. Women now fly planes，and men care for the sick people. 

There are many other3 of this changing. In the past，women had to take care of babies4 at home and there were few jobs for them to do. Later，they were allowed to do more，but most jobs still didn't5 women. Now，women can do everything. Over half of the engineering students now are6 . They also report the7 ，the weather，and even men's sports. Sometimes women are reporting games and8 athletes such as Yao Ming and Liu Xiang. 

Besides women，men's jobs are also different from what they did in the past. Today，men work in libraries and offices. Some stay at home to9 the kids. They are called "househusbands" or "stay﹣at﹣home dads". 

Nowadays，men and women are working in every field. Both are able to build up their career with hard work and10 mind. 

We all dream about life in the future. What do you think it will be like? Perhaps（也许）in the future people will fly up into space and have their holidays on the moon，and scientists will live under the sea. There will be robots in our homes. Women won't do housework. They will have more free time. Robots will help them do everything at home. We will be able to do some shopping without（不；没有）leaving our homes. I'm sure that there will be more e-schools，so children can study at home on the Internet. They won't go to school.

Hi! Everyone. I'm Mark Brown. I'm English，but I am in Shenzhen，China now. I'm in Yuying Middle School. My school is nice. The telephone number of my school is 557—8876. I like green and blue. I have a green cup and a blue pen. My phone is green, too. My number is 357-8597. I have two friends, Li Wei and Liu Jun.

Li Wei is 12. Li Wei likes red and green. Her quilt is red，and her pen is green. She can say ruler，pen， quilt and map in English. What is Li Wei's phone number? She has no telephone. She has a QQ. The number is 398082037.

Liu Jun is 13. His ruler is white. His quilt is white and his cup is white. Because he likes white. What's Liu Jun's telephone number? It's 15974178. What is his QQ number? It's 15974178，too. 

"Life is short, but there is always time enough for courtesy (礼貌);

— Ralph Waldo Emerson

 People love being polite. You might have noticed we are always saying"please", "thank you","excuse me", and"sorry".

 When making a request, you ask someone to do something for you. ▲, it may not help them in any way.

 Sometimes, you might make a request, and that request can be difficult for the other person to do. So it is necessary to make sure that you are being polite when making a request.

 To do this, you might include some words such as"can", "could", or"please" to soften(使温和) your approach. They may make it look like you are asking a question instead of making a request. However, don't worry — the listener will understand you.

 For example, if you are in a restaurant and say"I want the bill(账单)" to the waiter, your request will be considered very direct. You might use this kind of language if you are angry or have had very bad service. However, if you wish to sound polite, you might consider speaking like this:

"Can I have the bill, please?"

"Could I possibly have the bill, please?"

We can also use polite language to ask for permission(准许). For example, just sitting down next to someone without asking might be considered a bit forward (鲁莽的). If that person is waiting for a friend, you may create an uncomfortable situation. You can ask for permission first. For example:

"Would it be OK if I sat here?"

"Do you mind if I sit here?"