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London's Chinese community(社区) dates back to the 18^th century, when a small number of Chinese sailors moved to the city to work in Limhouse, east London. As time went on, other Chinese came to this area and Limhouse began to be known as “Chinatown”. However, London's Chinese community remained every small for many years: at the start of the 20^th century, there were just 545 Chinese people in Britain.
After the Second World War, many farmers in Hong Kong lost their jobs and came to London. As Limhouse had been almost destroyed during the war, they settled (定居) in a different area—a port of central London near Leicester Square. This area is now what Londoners call Chinatown.
At first, the new immigrants found it difficult to get jobs. In the 1950s, however, a small Chinese restaurant opened in London. Many British people visited it and said that Chinese food was wonderful! Suddenly, Chinese restaurants and take-ways started opening in every part of the city. Instead of too little work, the new Chinese immigrants now found that they had too much! They worked as cooks, managers or waiters. Most of them enjoyed their lives and arranged their friends and relatives to join them from overseas.
As time went by, London's Chinese community became more and more successful. The sons and daughters of the original restaurant workers studied and worked very hard. And most went on to get highly paid jobs. Many Chinese families left Chinatown and moved to more expensive outskirts. Chinatown, however, is still as lively as ever.

Every year people celebrate the Spring Festival in China．Usually it is in January or February．It's the most important (重要的) festival in China．So before it comes，everyone buys many things，and they often make a special kind of food called dumplings—It means(意思是) “come together”．Parents always buy new clothes for their children and children also buy presents for their parents．On the Spring Festival eve (除夕)，all the family come back home. They sing, dance and play cards．When they enjoy the meal，they give each other the best wishes for the coming new year．All of them have a good time.

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Do you know what couch-potato means? Well, in America, the word is now often used. The American couch-potato becomes maybe even a part of American tradition. You see, in America, many people often spend their free time sitting on a couch（沙发）watching TV. As there are many programs to choose, the TV can be quite interesting and very addictive（上瘾的）. One may sit and watch TV for hour and hour without stop. They do nothing else but watch TV. These people are called couch-potatoes.

In America, when one watches TV, he is most often sitting on a couch. While watching TV, most of these people look so frozen that they almost look dead. Everyone is sitting still（安静地） with eyes looking right into the same black box. Also because these people are addictive to TV, they don't exercise and usually get very fat. So in many ways, they look like real potatoes. Well, because they look so still and fat, and watch TV on a couch, they are all called couch-potatoes.

Now you know what couch-potatoes means. The next time if you see someone watching TV too long, just say, "What a couch-potato!"

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Oxford（牛津）is a city in the UK. It's in the west of the UK and it's famous for the University of Oxford. It's an old university—about 900 years old. It has a longer history than Cambridge（剑桥）University, It's the oldest university in English-speaking world.

There are about 20, 000 students and they are from all over the world. Many students go to school by bike. There are 31 colleges（学院）in the University of Oxford, but Cambridge University has only 31 colleges（学院）. There are 104 libraries in the University of Oxford. Stephen Hawking was a student of the University of Oxford. He's a great scientist. Clinton（克林顿）, the 42nd American president was also a student of the University.

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Do you know about any manners(礼仪) in England? How can you act politely when you are in England? This guide will help you to do things as the English people do.

Visiting a museum

There certainly are a lot of rules in museums. In most museums, there is no shouting and no running, and you must not touch anything or bring any drinks and food. You can't take any photos in some museums, either.

Standing in line

English people always wait in line in shops. If you don't stand in line, people will think you are impolite. At the bus stop, you must not push your way onto the bus. You need to wait your turn.

Meeting a new person

When people meet for the first time, the usual custom is to shake hands. The next time you meet that person, you can just say "hello". English people don't usually hug or kiss, unless they know each other really well.

Talking to people

To start a conversation, English people are always happy to talk about the weather. For example, you can start with" Isn't it warm today'?". This is much better than asking about age, politics(政治) or how much money people make.

Saying "Please, Thank You, Excuse Me and Sorry"

If somebody is in your way and you would like them to move, say" excuse me "and they will do it. If you are in someone's way, or you bump into others when you pass by, you should say "sorry". They will probably say "sorry", too, even if it is not their mistakes. So saying "sorry" does not always mean you are wrong. Sometimes it is just a polite thing.

Visiting a museum

There certainly are a lot of rules in museums. In most museums, there is no shouting and no running, and you must not touch anything or bring any drinks and food. You can't take any photos in some museums, either.

Standing in line

English people always wait in line in shops. If you don't stand in line, people will think you are impolite. At the bus stop, you must not push your way onto the bus. You need to wait your turn.

Meeting a new person

When people meet for the first time, the usual custom is to shake hands. The next time you meet that person, you can just say "hello". English people don't usually hug or kiss, unless they know each other really well.

Talking to people

To start a conversation, English people are always happy to talk about the weather. For example, you can start with" Isn't it warm today'?". This is much better than asking about age, politics(政治) or how much money people make.

Saying "Please, Thank You, Excuse Me and Sorry"

If somebody is in your way and you would like them to move, say" excuse me "and they will do it. If you are in someone's way, or you bump into others when you pass by, you should say "sorry". They will probably say "sorry", too, even if it is not their mistakes. So saying "sorry" does not always mean you are wrong. Sometimes it is just a polite thing.

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The Notting Hill is only a small area in west London, but the Notting Hill Carnival (诺丁山狂欢节) attracts millions of people from all over the world to have fun. The carnival is at the end of August each year, and the main days are Sunday and Bank Holiday Monday.

The festival started as a local West Indian event, but from a small procession (游行) through the streets of Notting Hill, it's a huge multi-cultural arts festival now. In fact, it is the largest street carnival (嘉年华会; 狂欢节) in Europe. Only the Rio Carnival in Brazil is bigger.

At the heart of the festival is a spectacular (壮观的) parade (游行). The carnival route (路线) is three miles long and hundreds of groups move along it. There's music, decorated floats, elaborated costumes and dancing. There are also live stages where artists from all over the world perform, but there is a lot more to the festival than just music. There are 300 food stalls selling international food so you can't get hungry. There's theatre, arts and crafts, too.

You can sing and dance or you can just watch. But there's no need to be quiet.

You can buy whistles and blow them to make lots of noise! The Notting Hill Carnival welcomes visitors and tourists.

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