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题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

浙江省杭州市2019-2020学年八年级下学期英语期中测试卷(人教版)(含听力音频)

下面文章中有五处需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。

A. There is still life in the desert

B. There are many deserts in the world

C. Some of deserts are very cold

D. Almost all of the deserts are low and flat

E. Little rain falls in the desert

F. Not all deserts are flat and sandy

    You probably know some basic facts about deserts (沙漠). For example, most people know that deserts are dry places where more water evaporates (蒸发) each year than falls even with heavy rain. However, there are many facts about deserts that you may not know. Reading the following may help you find out more about these unusual areas.

   

    Most deserts have less than 10 inches of rain each year. However, in some deserts of South American, it is true that rain almost never falls. In one desert in Chile, no rain has fallen for 45 years in a row! All the rain falls within a single month!

   

Temperatures in deserts can reach above 37.8℃ during the day, but can fall below zero at night. Areas that are too cold for anything to grow are called "frigid deserts." Other deserts are cold for long periods. The Gobi in Asia has icy temperatures for as long as six months at a time.

   

    Although deserts can be low and flat, some have rocky hills and even mountains. Some also have lakes and plains covered with small rocks. Sand makes up only about 2 percent of North American deserts, 10 percent of the Sahara in northern Africa, and 30 percent of the Arabian Desert.

   

    To survive in a dry desert environment, plants and animals, including humans, must make some adaptation. Desert plants cannot grow too close together because each plant would not get enough water. Other animals stay in holes underground or rest in the shade during the heat of the day.

   

    Deserts cover about one fifth of Earth's land area. The largest desert in the world is the Sahara. The Sahara stretches from the Atlantic Ocean eastward to the Red Sea, spreading across parts of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Mali, and Mauritania. It covers an area about the size of the United States.

举一反三
    Asking for information or help is a very common and necessary activity, especially when we visit a foreign country. So knowing how to ask for information politely is important. In English, "Where are the restrooms?" and "Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?" are similar requests—both are correct English, but the first could sound rude. It's important to use correct language, but sometimes this alone is not enough—we need to learn how to be polite when we make requests.
    In English, just like in Chinese, we change the way we speak when talking with different people. The expressions you use might depend on whom you are speaking to or how well you know them. If you say to your teacher, "Where is my book?" this will sound rude. But if you say, "Excuse me, Mr West. Do you know where my book is?" your question will sound much more polite. On the other hand, it might be alright to say "Where is my book?" in some situations, perhaps with people you know well.
    And you would not usually say, "Peter, lend me your pen. " A very direct order like this can sound rude in English. Usually in English polite questions are longer and include extra language, such as "Could you please...?" or "Can I ask...?" It sounds more polite to say, "Peter, could you please lend me your pen?" Sometimes we might even need to spend some time leading in to a question or request. For example, if you stop a stranger in the street, we might first say, "Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me. " or "I'm sorry to trouble you but," before asking them for help.
It might seem that speaking politely is more difficult than being direct, and in a way this may be true. However, in order not to offend people, learning about the language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary. And doing this will also help you become better at English, or any other language you wish to speak.

阅读下文并回答问题。

    Some people seem to have extraordinary (非凡的)memories. Zheng Aiqiang, a “memory athlete” on TV show Super Brain, can remember 2,660 numbers in just one hour!

    You would think people like this have special brains. But according to a recent study by researchers from the US and the Netherlands, the brain structures(结构)of ordinary people and 23 of the world's leading memory athletes show no difference.

    That's because good memories can be trained. New research in the journal Neuron (神经元期刊) suggests that you can become a super memorizer with just six weeks of hard training.

    Researchers found that technique (技巧)called loci, invented by ancient Greeks, can greatly help improve memory. By using loci, you are using your imagination to improve the brain's memory networks. You can link(关联)something you need to remember with a place that you know very well. For example, to remember a list of numbers, imagine yourself walking through your house. Each thing is linked to a number. For example, zero could be handle(把手)on the door and five could be the painting on the wall.

    In one study, some ordinary people were given 20 minutes to remember 72 words. First they could only remember 26 of them. But when they were taught loci, they could remember 62 words.

    “Not everyone can become a memory champion. But everyone using the technique can improve a lot from the level they're at,” said Boris Konrad, one of the researchers in the study.

阅读下文并回答问题。

    Han Hong is mainly known for her strong voice and her famous song Heaven's Road. In fact she is not only a singer but also does a lot for charity. When COVID-19 hit Wuhan, Han felt she should do something. She called up famous people and the public to help Wuhan. "I want to call up my friends in the art circles to donate(捐款) and help people affected by this terrible virus outbreak," the 48-year-old singer said on her Sina Weibo, which has over 15 million followers. Within just a week, a large number of Chinese pop stars and the public went into action. Over 278 million yuan and lots of medical supplies(医疗物资) have been donated through her charity organization, Han Hong Love Charity Foundation, which she founded in 2012. Thousands of fans as well as other common people answered her call to help Wuhan. "When you're going through a situation like this, you would like to offer help. There are so many kind people out there," said a fan, who donated through Han's foundation. "It's good to know that there are trucks with medical supplies going straight to the medical workers." Han turned down interviews. Her friend said she was busy coordinating(协调) work in Wuhan. "Many people don't trust charity organizations to use their donations properly. We must make sure the donation process is open and clear. Also, we update(更新) and share detailed information online, so the public know which place the goods and money come from and go to, even a packet of instant noodles." said Han Hong.

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