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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

广东名校联盟(广州二中、珠海一中、中山纪中)2019-2020学年高二上学期英语期中联考试卷

阅读理解

    Scientists have created a scent(气味)-delivery system that releases a pleasant fragrance when you sweat. Apply it to your skin, and the more you sweat, the better you'll smell. That's because the perfume only gets released upon contact with moisture(湿气).

Chemists from Harvard University combined two compounds to create their new system. One chemical is alcohol-based. This is the nice-smelling perfume. The other chemical is an ionic liquid(离子性液体), which is a type of salt that is liquid at room temperature. Ionic liquids are made of ions—molecules(分子) that have lost or gained one or more electrons(电子). If the molecule loses electrons, it will have a positive charge(正电荷). If it gains electrons, it gets a negative charge. Ionic liquids contain the same number of positive and negative ions, which makes them neutral, with no overall electric charge. In general, ionic liquids have no smell.

    When the perfume and ionic liquid are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs. This bonds the molecules to each other. The reaction also temporarily inactivates the perfume's molecules. So when applied to the skin, the new perfume has no scent in the beginning. But adding water or sweat breaks the bond between the molecules. That releases the scent into the air.

    "The rate of the release of the fragrance depends on how much you sweat, in other words, how much water is available," explains chemist Nimal Gunaratne from Harvard University, who led the research. "Sweat is like the command to let the fragrance go."

    Christian Quellet is a chemist who has worked in the perfume industry for a long time. He is now an independent consultant based in Switzerland. "Gunaratne's perfume opens the door to new developments and applications of fragrance controlled-release systems," he says. Controlled-release systems allow small quantities of some compounds that they hold to enter the environment slowly.

    The system also traps some chemicals in sweat that are responsible for the bad sweat smell. These compounds are called thiols (硫醇). Just as water does, thiols break apart the bond that ties the perfume to the ionic liquid. When this happens, the thiols attach to the ionic liquid and their bad scent is inactivated as the perfume had been. This means the water in sweat and its thiols are both able to release the fragrance from the newly developed perfume.

(1)、Which of the following makes the scent delivery system special?
A、When it releases scent can be well controlled. B、No perfume is required in the system. C、The scent can last for a long time. D、Sweat can help release the scent.
(2)、The scent is released into the air when ________.
A、the perfume comes into contact with the skin B、the perfume and ionic liquid contact each other C、the perfume's molecules are inactivated by water D、sweat activates the molecules of the perfume in the mixture
(3)、What Nimal Gunaratne says in Paragraph 4 suggests that with this scent-delivery system _____.
A、the more you sweat, the better you will smell B、the perfume can't always cover the bad smell C、how much water is available doesn't matter much D、how you smell depends on how much perfume you use
(4)、What is Christian Quellet's attitude towards Gunaratne's new perfume?
A、Indifferent. B、Favorable. C、Doubtful. D、Critical
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

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Phone

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#} People use money to buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things they need or want. When they work ,they usually get paid in money.

    Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} One of the first kinds of money was shells.

    Shells were not the only things used as money. In China, cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands, rice was used as money for a long time. Elephant tusks, monkey tails and salt were used as money in parts of Africa.

    The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the centre. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money. Later some countries began to make coins of gold and silver.

    But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today.

    Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today.

A. The first coins in England were made of tin (锡).

B. But people used to use all kinds of things as money.

C. No one knows for certain when people began to use money.

D. People strung(串连) them together and carried them from place to place.

E. Money, as we know,is all made of paper.

F. They began to use paper money.

G. Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services.

阅读理解

    Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neurone disease to communicate with others from a phone.

    The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone's camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert them into letters, words and sentences. For people suffering from ALS(渐冻症), also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate.

    "Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor impairments are expensive, not robust under sunlight, and require frequent re-calibration and substantial, relatively immobile setups," said Xiaoyi Zhang, a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology.

    "To mitigate the drawbacks…we created GazeSpeak, an eye-gesture communication system that runs on a smartphone, and is designed to be low-cost, robust, portable and easy to learn."

    The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart that can be stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make in order to communicate.

    The sticker shows four grids of letters, which each correspond to a different eye movement. By looking up, down, left or right, the speaker selects which grids the letters they want belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.

    Zhang's research, Smartphone-Based Gaze Gesture Communication for People with Motor Disabilities, is set to be presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems in May.

 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

While technology addicts teens to their devices, they are not helpless against the draw of it. Here are five ways educators can support their students' digital well-being. Explore design tricks companies use. The technology we use daily is designed to catch and hold our attention. Companies know what keeps our eyes on the screen. To help, teachers can unpack design tricks and explain how companies employ features like auto-play to get users to stay on their apps. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

Talk about how technology can increase feelings of anxiety. The decline in youth mental health is associated with an increase in social media use. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} We can help our students by allowing them to consider the benefits of technology and then to think about changing the habits that aren't serving their well-being. 

{#blank#}3{#/blank#} Social media can bring the feeling: "All my friends have better lives than me." Plus, design features like "read receipts" can lead to teens knowing their messages have been seen and stressing about why friends haven't yet replied. These are classic examples of thinking traps. Identifying them can help teens get rid of some negative thoughts. 

Uncover the ways that AI can play a role in misinformation. AI is rapidly transforming the world. Recommendation algorithms(算法), which determine what we do and do not see on our feeds and in our search results, can have very real consequences. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} By understanding how these technologies work, students can start to enjoy more benefits of technology. Encourage families to have meaningful conversations with their child. Take the time to share with families the topics and resources you're teaching in class. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Knowing we're all in the same boat is crucial. 

A. Social media is ruining our life. 

B. Connect them with their inner world. 

C. Build their awareness of thinking traps. 

D. This by no means indicates all technology is bad. 

E. They can pull us toward increasingly extreme views. 

F. It turns out adults and kids all pursue digital well-being. 

G. Knowing these can motivate students to get back their attention. 

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