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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山西省大同市2019­2020学年高三上学期英语开学摸底考试试卷

阅读理解

Growing Pains

    The term "adulting" started as a sort of joke ­ whenever a millennial(千禧一代)would do something age­appropriate, this was an act of "adulting". Now, though, millennials obviously require training in being an adult.

    Rachel Flehinger has co­founded an Adulting School, which includes online courses on simple sewing, conflict resolution and cooking. The cause for such classes is that many millennials "haven't left childhood homes" ­ in America 34 percent of adults aged 18 to 34 still lived with their parents as of 2015, up from 26 percent a decade before.

    There's a good deal of truth to this. If you're living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil (溺爱)you, you're less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook. Dependency breeds enervation.

    But here's the catch: Living at home doesn't necessarily lead to dependency. As of 1940, more than 30 percent of 25­ to 29­year­olds lived at home with parents or grandparents. They were adulting, even while living at home. Parents expected their kids to do chores, to prepare for life. Instead of blaming living at home, then, we have to blame our style of parenting. The truth is that we've simply become lazier as parents.

    So what's the real problem?

    We're more likely to let our kids crash on our couches(长沙发)than tell them to get a job and pay rent. We don't push our kids to build families of their own, as life expectancy has increased, so has adolescence. Americans aren't expected to start building a life, particularly middle­ and upper­class Americans, until they're nearing their 30s. Then the question is how we can encourage young people to "adult" in non­circumstance­driven fashion.

(1)、What does the last sentence in the third paragraph "Dependency breeds enervation." mean?
A、Parents would like to do housework by themselves. B、Present kids are too lazy to do housework. C、Dependency makes kids unable. D、Kids depend on their parents.
(2)、Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A、Millennials would like to be trained in being an adult. B、Parents are too lazy to do chores. C、Millennials don't adult because they still live in their childhood homes. D、In the 1940s kids were adulting even when they were living at home.
(3)、Which of the following statements is the main idea of the passage?
A、"Adulting" is hard, but only because parents are too lazy to teach their kids. B、Millennials should leave home early to adult. C、Americans aren't expected to start building a life until they're nearing their 30s. D、Adulting schools with online courses are popular.
(4)、According to the passage, what will be written about next?
A、The government should push off the age of adulthood. B、Parents should leave kids in charge of society. C、Parents should put responsibility on young people. D、Pushing kids to adult is painful for parents.
举一反三
阅读理解

A mix of anxiety rising in my chest and a voice at the back of my mind shouting ‘what's wrong with me?'-it's how I've felt about rejection my whole life.

 The earliest rejection I can remember was on my first day of school. I started the term late due to illness and the teacher asked the class who would play with me at break. The silence was deafening. Now, a bit of online dating sees us rejected by half the town before we've even started our day. There's not a break at work. Is there a worse feeling than hitting the final slide on your presentation, boldly asking 'any questions?' and looking around the room to see everyone on their phones?

We need to build resilience. For me, this has come in two stages. First, I spent time listening to the voice of fear that saw each rejection as proof that there was something wrong with me. When I analysed it, I could see it was rarely about me. Perhaps the guy I was talking to was too busy to reply. It was likely that the magazine I'd sent a passage to already had an article on that topic. Now, I assume it's about me 20 per cent of the time-and I can live with that.

 The other thing I do is practice rejecting. Because I hate rejection, I shy away from being the rejector, which means I either please people or avoid tricky situations. Instead, I've come up with a few lines for when I want to say no: 'That sounds great but it's not for me; thank you for asking but I decline; it was lovely but I think we should leave it there.' It's never pleasant to reject a person but there is a kind way to do it. With resilience and clarity, we can see the plus sides of rejection: it frees us up to do something else, be with someone else and be happier. We can't complain about that.

 阅读理解

Insect numbers have decreased by half in some parts of the world due to climate change and intensive agriculture,a study has found.The combined pressures of global heating and farming are driving a "substantial decline" of insects across the globe,according to the UK researchers.

Lead researcher,Dr Charlie Outhwaite of UCL,said losing insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment,but to human health and food security,particularly with losses of pollinators(传粉昆虫)."Our findings highlight the urgency of actions to preserve natural habitats,slow the expansion of high-intensity agriculture,and cut emissions to reduce climate change," she added.

In the latest study,the researchers pulled together data on the range and number of nearly 20,000 insect species,including bees,ants,butterflies,grasshoppers and dragonflies,at about 6,000 different locations.In areas with high-intensity agriculture and substantial warming,insect numbers have decreased by 49%,compared with relatively untouched places that have so far avoided the most severe impacts of climate change,according to the research published in Nature.

But the researchers said there was some cause for hope.Setting aside areas of land for nature creates a refuge(庇护所) for insects,which need shade to survive in hot weather."Careful management of agricultural areas,such as preserving natural habitats near farmland,may help to ensure that vital insects can still survive," said Dr Tim Newbold,also of UCL.

Study researcher,Peter McCann,added,"We need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole,and for human health and well being,in order to address the threats we pose to them before many species are lost forever."

 阅读理解

"WOW, THIS is not what I was expecting at all," says Allison, a nurse, remembering the first romance novel she ever read. Having shared the general literary bias (偏见) towards romance novels, she is now crazy about this genre (体裁). Allison was browsing in The Ripped Bodice, a romance-novel shop that recently opened in Brooklyn. The day the shop opened, the queue to get in was more than an hour long. The shop, which is uniquely-decorated, is serious in its devotion to romance novels.

The popularity of The Ripped Bodice (the second chain store devoted to romance in the district) is part of a larger shift. During the pandemic, when many were stuck at home and looking for escapist reading, fictional romance blossomed. In the year to May, romance print sales were up by 52%, according to a market-research firm. List-price sales grew by 74%. Annual growth in sales went from 6% in 2020 to more than 50% last year.

Readers have changed too. Newer fans are mostly young adults and many are teenagers. They are keen on romance novels with a central love story and a happy ending. 

"The industry has a lot of respect for what has been happening with romance," says Kristen, the manager of the market-research firm. "Now modern authors want to seek something deeper. Love is a powerful feeling. I wish that the writers could all see their way past thinking that those emotions are somehow less valuable than emotions that are built out of pain and sorrow," says Sarah, author of "Knockout"-a best-seller about romance in this season.

Librarians have noticed the shift too. Stephanie Anderson, of BookOps, which buys books for public libraries in New York and Brooklyn, notes that "the biggest challenge with romance at this point is finding the money and space to keep up with all the popular titles."

 阅读短文,回答问题

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, has become a lot more common in recent decades. Some even consider myopia an epidemic (流行病). But what causes myopia and what reduces it?

While having two myopic parents does mean you're more likely to be nearsighted, there's no single myopia gene. That means the causes of myopia are more behavioral than genetic.

Scientists have learned a great deal about the progression of myopia by studying visual development in baby chickens. They do so by putting little hats on baby chickens. Lenses (镜片) on the face of the hats cover the chicks' eyes and are adjusted to affect how much they see.

Just like in humans, if visual input is wrong, a chick's eyes grow too large, resulting in myopia. And it's progressive. Blur (模糊) leads to eye growth, which causes more blur, which makes the eye grow even larger, and so on.

Two recent studies featuring extensive surveys of children and their parents provide strong support for the idea that an important driver of the increase in myopia is that people are spending more time focusing on objects immediately in front of our eyes, whether a screen, a book or a drawing pad.

Other research has shown that this unnatural eye growth can be interrupted by sunlight. A 2022 study, for example, found that myopia rates were more than four times greater for children who didn't spend much time outdoors—say, once or twice a week—compared with those who were outside daily. At the same time, kids who spent more than three hours a day while not at school reading or looking at a screen close-up were four times more likely to have myopia than those who spent an hour or less doing so.

Fortunately, just a few minutes a day with glasses that correct blur stops the progression of myopia, which is why early vision testing and vision correction are important to limit the development of myopia.

 阅读理解

What do you do with your old clothes? You might throw them away, or if you want to be more environmentally friendly, you could sell or donate them. No matter what you choose, it's always been your responsibility to deal with them. However, a new California law could shift this responsibility to clothing producers.

This pioneering law, called the Responsible Textile Recovery Act, is targeted to set requirements for producers of clothing, towels and bedding. It requires them to develop and fund a statewide program for reusing, repairing and recycling their products. The law could help address the long-standing pollution caused by the textile (纺织) and fashion industries, noted The Guardian.

Since 1960, the amount of textile waste in the US has grown nearly tenfold, reaching over 17 million tons in 2018, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency. A shocking 85 percent of textiles end up in landfills where they send out harmful gases and chemicals into the environment. As a major polluter, the fashion industry accounts for about 10 percent of global carbon emissions (排放), more than international flights and shipping combined, according to the United Nations. The rise of "fast fashion", which produces cheap, low-quality clothing meant to be worn only a few times, has significantly worsened this environmental crisis.

The serious pollution drove Democratic state senator Josh Newman, who drafted (起草) the Responsible Textile Recovery Act, into action. He communicated with all sectors of the textile industry to prevent opposition.

Some worry the law could make shopping more expensive and impact small and medium-sized brands. However, Newman said people shouldn't notice any price increases, estimating it would cost producers less than 10 cents (0.7 yuan) per item.

The program is expected to begin as early as 2028 in the hope of making the industry more sustainable (可持续的). It could also open new opportunities for green production and consumption while creating more than 1,000 green jobs.

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