Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information

    Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is“ associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

    Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

    Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A. Make choices that are right for you.

B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D. And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

    In 2017, AlphaGo defeated Chinese player Ke Jie to become the world's No 1, ending thousands of years of human dominance（控制）in the game. AlphaGo is an artificial intelligence（AI）Go-playing program{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Artificial intelligence（AI）is usually defined as the science of marking computers do things that require intelligence when done by humans.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}These include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language-understanding.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}In fact we are increasingly depending. upon computer-based artificial intelligence. As Charlie Qrtiz said, head of AL at the Massachusetts-based software company Nuance Communication, “It has opened a window for us.”Smartphones, self-driving cars, intelligent robots，etc. are constantly coming into our life. According to a recent survey, half of the world's AI experts believe human level machine intelligence will be achieved by 2040. This will open up huge possibilities for the enrichment of mankind, from tackling climate change and treating disease to labour- saving devices.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Physicist Stephen Hawking last year warned that unless we take care, board games might be the least of it. “The development of full artificial intelligence could mean the end of the human race.”{#blank#}5{#/blank#}They believe AlphaGo's victory is a reminder of how fast the world is overcoming the obstacles in the way of AI, and its distribution in the world about us. Although there may yet be no evidence that computers will ever shake off their human masters, we should still treat these development with the humility and caution they deserve.

A. Other scientists have also expressed the concern.

B. Artificial intelligence has both advantages and disadvantages.

C. Defeating a human Go master is not the only thing AI can do.

D. Artificial intelligence will bring us disasters instead of benefits.

E. It was designed by an American Artificial intelligence company.

F. Not all experts hold the optimistic attitudes to the development of AI.

G. Research in AI has so far focused on some special fields of intelligence.

    Warren Harding was the 29^th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} One was a successful international conference (会议).

    After World War One, Britain, Japan and the United States expanded their navies (海军). They built bigger and bigger ships. Many members of the United States Congress worried about the cost. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} They asked President Harding to organize a conference to discuss these issues.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} President Harding invited representatives from the major naval powers of the time--Britain, Japan, France and Italy. He also invited representatives from countries with interests in Asia and Europe--China, Portugal, Belgium and the Netherlands. He did not invite the new Soviet leaders in Russia.

    Mr Harding's Secretary of State, Charles Evans Hughes, spoke. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} He proposed that the world's strongest nations should stop building warships for ten years. He also proposed that Britain, Japan, and the United States should destroy some ships to make their navies smaller immediately.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} It involved the misuse of underground oil owned by the federal government. Warren Harding was an honest man. But he did not have a strong mind of his own. He was easily influenced. And he often accepted bad advice. He explained the problem with these words, “I listen to one side, and they seem right. Then I listen to the other side, and they seem just as right. I know that somewhere there is a man who knows the truth. But I do not know where to find him.”

A. He is remembered mostly for two events.

B. The conference was not a complete success.

C. They also worried about increased political tension (紧张) in Asia.

D. The conference was held in Washington in November, 1921.

E. President Harding appointed several men of great ability to his cabinet (内阁).

F. He offered the conference a detailed plan to reduce the size of the world's major navies.

G. The second thing for which President Harding is remembered is the Teapot Dome scandal (丑闻).

How to Do Man-on-the Street Interviews

    The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.

    When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the –street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, "Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?" {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    Hit the streets with confidence. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Say, "Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic," This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.

    Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don't get discouraged.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don't leave work without them.

A. Limit your time.

B. As you approach people, be polite.

C. If you don't own a camera, you can buy one.

D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.

E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.

F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.

G. With a question like this, you will get more than a 'Yes" or "No" reply.

    We are surrounded by messages trying to get our attention. Advertisers, politicians and other groups all try to get us to agree with them.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}. Propaganda is not always a bad thing, but it often hides the truth about a topic. It's very similar to advertising, whose goal is to get people to buy something, while propaganda is to change what people believe.

    Propaganda Techniques

    To create propaganda, a common technique is name－calling. A politician might call someone a traitor or liar, which makes the other person look bad. Another is the trend technique. People want to be on the side in the favor.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}. Some propaganda is based on fear. It scares people into choosing a certain side or taking action, which might not be bad. Anti－smoking campaigns are one example. They may scare people into thinking that if they smoke, they will get cancer.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}.

    Propaganda is used by many groups, such as businesses, politicians and the government. It is spread through posters, television and radio. The Internet makes it easy to send messages to the whole world.

    Types of Propaganda

    Political propaganda has been around as long as there have been politicians.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}. People have used it for many years. War propaganda began during World War I, more than 100 years ago.

    To see if propaganda is saying the truth, people need to do extra work. For example, ads might always sound like they're true. But before you believe them, try to think about who created and paid for them. Find out why they did it.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. Propaganda Targets

B. Propaganda Mediums

C. Another word for this is propaganda

D. So most people will agree with those politicians

E. Then, you can decide if they're being honest or not

F. However, religious propaganda was actually the first official one

G. People might join someone who claims to be popular or winning

    In our life most people like green and green is an important color in nature. It is the color of most growing plants. Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh, and growing. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the 15^th century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns have not yet developed. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} By the 18^th century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today - a person who is new in a job.

    About 100 years ago. Greenhorn was a popular expression in the American west.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} The greenhorn lacked the skills he would need to live in the hard, rough country.

    Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    A person with green thumb seems to make the plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door had a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.

    Green is also used to describe the unpleasant emotion, jealousy. The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about 400 years ago by William Shakespeare in his play "Othello". {#blank#}5{#/blank#} A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay raise and she does not.

A. The plants produced much larger crops.

B. The expression comes from the early 1900s.

C. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished.

D. Later, it meant a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle.

E. It was used to describe a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities.

F. It was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.

G. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants.