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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

人教版(新课程标准)高中英语必修5 Unit 2同步练习二

阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    The brain is a remarkable part. It's responsible for thoughts and feelings. Now a new study finds that going through tough times as a kid also can have an impact. The adult brains of people who lived through lots of stress before the age of six—and then became depressed or anxious as teenagers—were different compared with adults who had an easier childhood. It seems that teens changed the shape of their brains by internalizing (使内在化) the stresses experienced years earlier.

    Researchers already knew that the shape and size of a child's brain can change in response to lots of stress. They also knew that adults were more likely to be depressed if, as kids, they'd lived in poverty. Some studies showed that these depressed adults had unusual changes in their brain shape. But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked.

    Scientists in England studied almost 500 boys from birth until the ages of 18 to 21. Sarah Jensen is one of the new study's authors. Almost all of the boys her team studied experienced some hard times as kids. And, she concludes, "This is not necessarily harmful." To some extent, that's just life. What can be dangerous, she says, is when children experience too many forms of difficulties. Her team's new data suggest that the tougher the childhood, the stronger the impact on the brain might be.

    What's happening in the world around us relates to how we feel. Her team linked more childhood stress to more depression. Still, she notes, it's possible that if you find support for anxiety or depression, you might be able to prevent the changes seen here. "If you can change the environment, you can change the course of things," Sarah says. So, she recommends, if teens develop anxiety or depression, it's good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice.

(1)、When people had a hard childhood, ________.
A、they will have a brave attitude to life B、their way of thinking may be strange C、they will be good at dealing with stress D、the shape of their brain may be changed
(2)、What is the breakthrough of the new research?
A、The size of the brain can change. B、The brain can be influenced by stress. C、Poverty can affect the brain's shape in future. D、Changes in brain are connected with earlier hardship.
(3)、It's a problem when children ________.
A、had a lonely childhood B、led a peaceful childhood C、got different kinds of hardship D、experienced limited hard times
(4)、For teenagers with anxiety, Sarah suggests ________.
A、they adapt to their life B、they seek professional help C、they talk to friends or relatives D、they become confident and optimistic
举一反三
阅读理解
    For those who study the development of intelligence(智力)in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware(意识)of itself has a high level of intelligence.
    Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image(反射出的影像).Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.
    Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test.
    “We thought that elephants were the next important animal,” said Dinana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M.Plotnik and Fans B.M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”
    The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo.They put an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.
    The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.
    Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.
    Diana Reiss said, "We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way."
阅读理解

    Actor Warwick Davis realized he was shorter than other people when he was eight years old.  He suddenly noticed all his schoolmates were twice his size. It was then that the effect of having dwarfism hit him for the first time.

    Now aged 48, Davis says, "I have very fond memories of school but I realized I had to become a little bit louder and funnier so I wouldn't get left out of conversations. I became quite the performer, so being short was my training in acting."

    It worked. Director George Lucas cast young Warwick as the Ewok Wicket in Return of the Jedi. The actor has gone on to star in many TV shows and films, including playing Professor Flitwick in the Harry Potter films.

    Warwick's dwarfism means he is 1.07 meters tall, while the average UK adult male height is 1.78 meters. Most types of dwarfism are caused by a genetic disorder that stops some of the body's building blocks working properly.

    Davis has a positive attitude to being "different". He says, "If I had my life all over again, I would choose the same job and be the same height. I have enjoyed every minute. At school I played rugby and football and tried long jump and high jump. I wasn't very good at them but I always had a go. I defeated everyone at chin-ups (引体向上) because I had a low body weight combined with a strong upper body from climbing up to the top cupboards to reach the biscuit boxes at home."

    Warwick is supporting Jeans for Genes Day, a charity raising public concern for millions of children born with genetic disorders in the U.K. He says, "Even if you can only give a tiny amount of money, it will make such a difference to the children."

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    Four teenage girls from Minnesota, US. 120 hours of non-stop togetherness. No cellphones. This is not a reality show, but an adventure journey.

    "It was really perfect," said Julia Ruelle of her recent adventure to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with three of her childhood friends. "By unplugging, we had an amazing time."

    Last year, the 16-year-old took part in an essay contest and carried off a prize. The award was a 5-day canoe and camping adventure with up to three friends. No parents or guides would be there. So Julia invited her friends Anna Wander, Madeline Wilson and Julianna Torelli.

    The four Minnetonka High School juniors arrived in Ely for training the day before they began the journey. They set out the next day at 7 a.m., quickly developing a routine.

    "We were done paddling by noon," Julia said. "We ate lunch at the campsites and then it was time for hammocks (吊床), reading, making friendship bracelets (手镯) and talking."

    The girls had all had experience in the outdoors before.

    Anna had been to the Boundary Waters with her family. "I love how you are separated from everything in your life, especially technology," Anna said. Without her phone, she said, "I'm less worried about things." Madeline, too, had been to the Boundary Waters a few years back. "But this time, I had to paddle right and set up camp," she said. The girls made fire and cooked meal together. No one was ever hungry or homesick, but they were nervous the final night as they waited out a thunderstorm. They left wet sleeping bags in one tent, and squeezed into another for the night. "Every thunderstorm in the Boundary Waters feels huge," Julia said.

    On the car ride home, they were all on their phones catching up with friends. "It was a little at a loss turning my phone on," said Anna. "Mental health can be improved so much in the Boundary Waters. It really helps to get away and reconnect with yourself."

阅读理解

    Downloading music over the Internet is pretty common among high school and college students. However, when students download and share copyrighted music without permission, they are against the law.

    A survey of young people's music ownership has found that teenagers and college students have an average of more than 800 illegally copied songs each on their digital music players.Half of those surveyed share all the music on their hard drive (硬盘), enabling others to copy hundreds of songs at any one time. Some students were found to have randomly linked their personal blogs to music sites, so as to allow free trial listening of copyrighted songs for blog visitors, or adopted some of the songs as the background music for their blogs. Such practices may be easy and free, but there are consequences.

    Sandra Dowd, a student of Central Michigan University, was fined US $7,500 for downloading 501 files from Lime Wire, a peer-to-peer file sharing program. Sandra claimed that she was unaware that her downloads were illegal until she was contacted by authorities. Similarly, Mike Lewinski paid US $4,000 to settle a lawsuit(起诉)against him for copyright violation (违反). Mike expressed shock and couldn't believe that this was happening to him. "I just wanted to save some money and I always thought the threat was just a scare tactic(战术)." "You know, everyone does it," added Mike.

    The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America), the organization that files lawsuits against illegal downloaders, states that suing (控告) students was by no means their first choice. Unfortunately, without the threat of consequences, students are just not changing their behavior. Education alone is not enough to stop the extraordinary growth of the illegal downloading practice.

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