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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

人教版(新课程标准)高中英语必修4 Unit 4同步练习二

阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    I was asked by a reader recently why so many animals seem to have pink ears, when their bodies are all different colours? The truth is that most animals actually don't have pink ears. Let us explain.

    Near the equator (赤道), where the climate is hot, animals are likely to have darker skin, including on their ears. Think of the African elephant, which has quite dark ears. In colder climates, skin colour is usually lighter and often pink.

    Why is skin colour different in different climates?Skin pigmentation, which is what gives skin its colour, can protect against sunburn and skin cancer (癌症). When animals live in colder parts of the world, they don't need it as much to survive. Light-coloured skin also helps animals stay warmer because it reduces heat loss, which is useful if you're in a colder climate.

    For most animals, the colour of their fur or other body covering has generally developed as camouflage. That allows animals to mix into the background and avoid being eaten, or for predators (捕食者) to remain hidden during hunting. One example is the sandy-coloured coat of the desert fennec fox, which uses camouflage for both hunting and hiding.

    By the way, in many animals, ears come in many different shapes and sizes. For example, in bats, the serval (a type of African wildcat) and the fennec fox, the ears are large compared to their body size—this helps them hear better because it allows them to sense more sound waves. Naked mole-rats have tiny ears because they need to dig a lot. Big ears would get in the way. The other downside of big ears is that you can lose a lot of body heat. That's why animals that live in really cold places, like the Arctic fox, have quite small ears.

(1)、Who is the author most likely to be?
A、A teacher. B、A librarian. C、A zoo worker. D、A science writer.
(2)、What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A、Sunlight B、Camouflage C、Skin pigmentation D、Light-coloured skin
(3)、Which animal uses its skin colour to protect itself from being eaten?
A、The Arctic fox. B、The naked mole-rat. C、The African elephant. D、The desert fennec fox.
(4)、What do we know about animals living in cold places?
A、They usually have small light-coloured ears. B、They know ways to store body heat. C、They need big ears to keep warm. D、They usually have good hearing.
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Jayson McCarthy, 12, was born without fingers on his left hand. That didn't stop him from being able to do many tasks. But Jayson could not grasp more than one object at a time. So Jayson 's father, Paul, created a Prosthesis(假肢), using a 3D printer. Now Jayson has fingers that open and close. “It was a do-it-yourself, father-and-son adventure,” says Paul.

    When Jayson was a baby, his doctor advised his parents not to give him a prosthetic hand until he was in his early teens. “The doctor said Jayson should first learn to get full use out of the hand he was born with,” says Paul. As Jayson got older, his father looked into purchasing a prosthetic hand, which can cost as much as $30,000. Paul found a more affordable solution.

    One day, Paul discovered a video on the Internet about Robohand, a prosthesis created with a 3D printer. He downloaded the free instructions and called Robohand's creators for advice. They told him all he needed was a 3D printer—which costs around $2,000—and some materials.

    Luckily, Jayson 's school had recently purchased a 3D printer and it offered to help Paul build the hand for Jayson n. “We used a soccer shinguard(护胫), cardboard(硬纸板), and tape. They cost about $10,” says paul.

    With his new hand, Jayson can do things better. “I can help my mom more, because now I can carry two grocery bags,” he says.

    Jayson 's father has already built several hands for Jayson. Jayson helps design each one. He says there's one thing in particular that he wants to do with a future prosthesis. “The goal,” he says, “is to be able to tie my shoelaces(鞋带).”

阅读理解

    “Children start putting their fingers in their noses as infants,” says Sarah Springer, MD' of Kids Plus Pediatrics in Pittsburgh. “As soon as they have motor control of their fingers, they'll find holes where their fingers can fit. It's not a worry—just a normal part of how they explore and learn.”

    In order to help your child to stop engaging in the behavior it's important to understand why they may start the habit in the first place, according to the University of Michigan Health System. Nose-picking can be a result of boredom, sleepiness, falling asleep, relaxation or coping. In most instances, nose-picking is likely just a phase(阶段)and the child will eventually quit it.

    There isn't much parents can do to stop the behavior of nose-picking, as it's a normal part of being a kid, Dr. Springer says. Parents are advised to ignore the behavior and not show frustration's this won't help encourage your child to stop picking their nose. Instead, Dr. Springer says to help your child learn to blow their nose once they are four or five years old and talk to your child about keeping their hands clean to avoid spreading germs.

    Take note of the season or climate, too, as dry air or cold can increase the occurrence of nose-picking. Parents should use a humidifier(增湿器)in these conditions to help nasal secretions(鼻分泌物)stay moist. Putting petroleum jelly(凡士林)a few times a day inside the nose can help with irritation and minimize picking.

    Once your child enters school, it's inevitable for them to see and pick up bad habits, Dr. Springer said. Nose-picking is a common habit, even among adults and as children age most will realize it's not an acceptable behavior.

    “Nose picking is a normal part of childhood,” Dr. Springer says. “Most kids will become conscious of the social stigma(羞耻)associated with it, and will eventually stop picking, at least in public.”

阅读理解

Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)

    Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special, ” she says.

    On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.

    When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily(临时地,暂时地) attend a school in Brooklyn.

    In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.

    “My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it. ”

    Natalie's choice was to help.

    She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.

    In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.

    Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway, ” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before. ”

阅读理解

On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication severe weather was on its way—the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first alert my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p. m. , from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our third-floor bedroom, and we changed the channel from the presidential primary debate I had been watching to our local Pensacola, Florida, station.

No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. Pink insulation flew into the room from a trapdoor to the attic, and the wind began to roar through the house.

I didn't know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. I gripped the banister (栏杆) and tried to move forward, but this intense pressure held me in place.

By the time I reached the closet, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the closet floor, but he couldn't get inside himself because of the wind. I gripped Jimmy's arm. My knees and scalp were full of glass, but in that moment, I felt no pain.

All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn't believe it was over. Jimmy said he'd go outside to check. "No," I said. "Don't leave me. "

Our neighbor says the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Of the houses left standing, ours suffered the most damage. Amazingly, none of us were severely injured.

 七选五

If you're always comparing yourself to your peers,you might be low in confidence and unsure of yourself.Here are some tips on how to stop comparing yourself to others.

Write down your positive traits.When you ignore your abilities,it becomes easier to compare yourself to others.You might focus on their strengths and ignore your own completely. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}By being aware of your best qualities,you can learn to love yourself and build up your self﹣confidence.

Keep a gratitude journal.A gratitude journal helps you recognize the things you may take for granted so you can fully appreciate them.To start journaling,reflect on the little things that bring you joy. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}Explain how they influence your life in detail.For example,if you jog in the park every day,you might express how you're grateful for your health and how jogging helps you overcome stress at work.

{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Instead of focusing on your "weaknesses",reflect on the areas you can improve.Take advantage of all chances to improve your skills and techniques.Don't be afraid to ask other people for help along the way.Only by making efforts to improve your abilities can you make yourself happy.

Compete against yourself. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Instead,use comparison to become an improved version of yourself.Set goals for yourself and try to improve your own personal best.When you set a goal for yourself,track your progress so that you can see how you are moving toward that goal.That way

Overcoming comparison is a continuous process,but it is possible! {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A.Take control over your life.

B.Work on improving your abilities.

C.Don't compare your life to other people's.

D.Write down why you're grateful for them.

E.With time and practice,you can become the best version of yourself.

F.Appreciate others and use their success to motivate you to work hard.

G.To avoid this negative behavior,make a list of your strengths and talents.

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