氢气在我们的生活中具有非常重要的作用,对人体的多种疾病具有显著的预防和治疗效果,是一种重要的工业原料,也是最具发展前景的清洁能源。
Ⅰ.
时,在
的恒容密闭容器中加入催化剂并通入
, 发生反应
, 不同时间产生
的量如表:
时间![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3Emin%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmfenced+open%3D%22%28%22+close%3D%22%29%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfenced%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3Emol%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
| 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
(1)
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%BC%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Emin%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的平均反应速率
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ev%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmfenced+open%3D%22%28%22+close%3D%22%29%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfenced%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
________,
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%7E%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Emin%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的正反应速率大于
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%7E%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E0min%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的正反应速率的原因是________。
(2)反应达到平衡时,
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmfenced+open%3D%22%28%22+close%3D%22%29%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmfenced%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的转化率为________%,该温度下的平衡常数
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EK%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
________。
(3)该条件下反应达到平衡时,继续通入
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0.4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EmolH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmfenced+open%3D%22%28%22+close%3D%22%29%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmfenced%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 平衡会________(填“正”或“逆”)向移动,
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmfenced+open%3D%22%28%22+close%3D%22%29%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmfenced%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的转化率会________(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)。
II.氢气是工业合成氨的原料。在催化剂条件下合成氨的反应途径和反应过程中的能量变化如图所示(TS表示过渡态,*表示吸附态)。
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/ct20241o/40/3c/403cf8d611ab24f00478d2a425978705.png)
(4)图示合成氨过程中决速步骤的反应方程式为________;工业合成氨一般采用的温度为400~500℃,原因是________。
(5)化学中常用图像直观地描述化学反应的进程或结果。在恒容密闭容器中通入一定量的
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 发生合成氨反应。改变条件,下列有关合成氨的图像描述正确的是___________(填标号)。