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题型:阅读理解 题类:真题 难易度:普通

2019年高考英语真题试卷(全国Ⅰ卷)(含听力音频)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

    Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

    Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are "most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior."

    In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). "We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."

    Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.

    In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage," he said.

(1)、What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A、Unkind. B、Lonely. C、Generous. D、Cool.
(2)、What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A、The classification of the popular. B、The characteristics of adolescents. C、The importance of interpersonal skills. D、The causes of dishonorable behavior.
(3)、What did Dr. Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?
A、They appeared to be aggressive. B、They tended to be more adaptable. C、They enjoyed the highest status. D、They performed well academically.
(4)、What is the best title for the text?
A、Be Nice-You Won't Finish Last B、The Higher the Status, the Beer C、Be the Best-You Can Make It D、More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
举一反三
阅读理解

Being a good parent requires providing a child with the gifts of love, attention, energy, and resources unstintingly over a long period of time. It involves developing a small body, but it also involves growing a child's soul.

Parents are an enormously powerful force in the lives of children. Whether Johnny can read, whether Johnny knows right from wrong, whether Johnny is a happy, well-adjusted kid, or sad and self-destructive, has a whole lot to do with the kind of parenting Johnny has received. If Johnny's mom and dad have been able to come through with lasting, loving attention, the chances are that Johnny is on track to become a productive, compassionate (富有同情心的) person. If they have not, Johnny is in trouble.

Thirty years ago Chicago professor James S. Coleman showed that parental involvement mattered far more in determining school success than any quality of the formal education system. Across a wide range of subject areas, in literature, science and reading, Coleman estimated that the parent was twice as powerful as the school in determining achievement at age fourteen. Psychologist Lawrence Steinberg, who recently completed a six-year study of 20,000 teenagers in nine different communities, confirms the importance of parents. Steinberg shows that one out of three parents is "seriously disengaged" from his or her adolescent's education, and this is the primary reason why so many American students perform below their potential and below students in other rich countries.

A weight of evidence now demonstrates obvious links between absentee parents and a wide range of behavioral and emotional problems in children. A 1997 study of 90,000 teenagers — the Add Health Project undertaken (承担) by the Carolina Population Center and the Teenage Health Program at the University of Minnesota found that youngsters are less likely to get depressed, use drugs or become involved in crime when they spent significant time with their parents. This study found that the mere physical presence of a parent in the home after school, at dinner and at bedtime significantly reduces the incidence of risky behavior among teenagers.

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

University Campuses Should Be OpenTo The Public

To open or not to open—that is a question for university campuses.

Nationwide, most famous universities announced the {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (recover) of public visits through online appointment systems before the summer holiday began. The universities{#blank#}2{#/blank#} (become) popular destinations of primary and secondary school students in recent years.

However, many locals complained that most universities in Guangzhou continued to refuse public access because some have raised concerns that {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (crowd) of visitors might disrupt the peace of campus environments, {#blank#}4{#/blank#} might influence students and teachers. But universities are public resources and university campuses should be open to {#blank#}5{#/blank#} public as much as possible. Universities should not be {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (close) ivory towers(象牙塔) as separated universities lose their initial meaning.

An officer said there were indeed some problems with the campus management, but these should not be a reason {#blank#}7{#/blank#} denying citizens' right to visit. And research and discussions were helping universities improve campus management to make campuses more {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(access). The government would guide universities to reopen in an orderly manner in the weeks {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (come) and urge them to design specific visiting hours, places and routes and set up rules and instructions for visitors. Punishments should also {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (carry) out for breaking school regulations.

 阅读理解

Hope is the most powerful motivational force that helps people to overcome adversities. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}, you need a guiding force to keep you moving toward your goals. Hope keeps you on your feet and makes you much stronger. 

Hope is your strength and inner faith in the battle of your life. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}, you lose everything. You do hard work and make a great effort to succeed in life but fail. That makes you upset and depressed. You do not know what to do. At that time hope comes to your rescue and gives you encouragement. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}.

Hope increases the productivity, efficiency and creativity in people. A hopeful person who stays positive and enthusiastic can succeed in any field of his choice. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. The best service we can do to people is giving hope to the hopeless. 

{#blank#}5{#/blank#}? Yes, hope gives meaning to life as without hope there is no reason to live. Give hope to people and they will become more creative and more productive. Hope is vital to the life of every person. Besides, hope is necessary not only for life but also for living a healthy life. Hope is the best medicine that keeps away miserable tension, depression, high blood pressure and other health problems. I had two big heart attacks and while at the edge of death, I had hope that I would survive. And the hope of getting well kept me alive.

A. A hopeless person is a failed person who can never succeed in life

B. Have you ever lost hope and felt sorry for yourself

C. Since you're full of hope for the future

D. You try one more time and succeed

E. In the ups and downs of life

F. Is hope necessary for life

G. If you lose hope

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

"Assume you are wrong." The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.

To understand the context for Nosek's advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.

But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life's work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.

What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic presumably shares.

One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.

Despite these worries, I like Nosek's suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community—we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.

Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don't know if that's true. In fact, I should probably assume that it's wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.

 阅读理解

As online learning becomes more common and a mass of resources are changed to digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and everyone should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription (订阅). They believe that it will save local cities and towns money, provide more materials and encourage more people to read.

 However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets (平板电脑). First, digital books and resources are related to less learning and more problems than print resources. A study found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, keep 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause more health problems than reading print does. 

Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to believe that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have lots of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to communicate with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs, answering visitor questions, and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community after a series of local library instituted community events. Similarly, a survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major effect on their community.

While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens and end access to many of the benefits of libraries. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.

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