题型：概要写作 题类：模拟题 难易度：困难
上海市嘉定区2019届高三英语二模试卷（音频暂未更新）
An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as "abusive supervision" are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.
The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed its effect on a worker's tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive (反作用的) work behavior (CWB).
To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying (欺凌) behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tended more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.
Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.
This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer bullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren't. Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.
假设你是李华。你的美国笔友Susan要在暑假来中国桂林参加一个文化交流活动。 她想提前了解一下这座城市的相关情况，写信向你询问，请根据以下提示信息，给她回一封信。
自然情况 | 位于中国的南部，气候温和，风景优美 |
景点 | 四面环水，七星公园，漓江，象鼻山等 |
美食 | 桂林米粉，辣椒酱 |
...... |
注意： 1）词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总数；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）参考词汇 象鼻山 Elephant Trunk Hill chilli sauce
Dear Susan,
I'm glad that you are coming to Guilin for an exchange program during the summer holiday.
Yours
Li Hua
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