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题型:完形填空 题类:模拟题 难易度:困难

上海市嘉定区2019届高三英语二模试卷(音频暂未更新)

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

    When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has 1 for nearly 50 years. We don't do a great job of recognizing women's contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered: Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to 2 science than men because they don't receive the same recognition?

    To understand how 3 shapes women's motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible 4, prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who make decisions about scientific 5 and other financial support.

    Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we're going to find 6 anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. 7 this, of all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our 8 was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their 9. Then we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.

    Our initial results highlighted overall10 news: the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggests that there's no 11 that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citations (引用) per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied. 12, women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.

    The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat13 when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely 14 beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for new technology and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon observed for female entrepreneurs, again 15 by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth.

(1)
A、remained B、awarded C、existed D、established
(2)
A、leave B、doubt C、question D、suspect
(3)
A、contribution B、recognition C、resolution D、promotion
(4)
A、indicator B、substance C、confirmation D、compliment
(5)
A、experiments B、innovation C、study D、grants
(6)
A、gender equality B、research prospects C、innovation patterns D、government control
(7)
A、In line with B、Contrary to C、Compared with D、In case of
(8)
A、concept B、outcome C、requirement D、approach
(9)
A、improvement B、quality C、accomplishment D、reputation
(10)
A、vague B、sudden C、good D、fundamental
(11)
A、description B、evidence C、document D、comparison
(12)
A、Therefore B、However C、Instead D、Nevertheless
(13)
A、highlighted B、eliminated C、strengthened D、narrowed
(14)
A、dominates B、extends C、overtakes D、justifies
(15)
A、turned out B、taken on C、backed up D、held up
举一反三
阅读理解

Being a good parent requires providing a child with the gifts of love, attention, energy, and resources unstintingly over a long period of time. It involves developing a small body, but it also involves growing a child's soul.

Parents are an enormously powerful force in the lives of children. Whether Johnny can read, whether Johnny knows right from wrong, whether Johnny is a happy, well-adjusted kid, or sad and self-destructive, has a whole lot to do with the kind of parenting Johnny has received. If Johnny's mom and dad have been able to come through with lasting, loving attention, the chances are that Johnny is on track to become a productive, compassionate (富有同情心的) person. If they have not, Johnny is in trouble.

Thirty years ago Chicago professor James S. Coleman showed that parental involvement mattered far more in determining school success than any quality of the formal education system. Across a wide range of subject areas, in literature, science and reading, Coleman estimated that the parent was twice as powerful as the school in determining achievement at age fourteen. Psychologist Lawrence Steinberg, who recently completed a six-year study of 20,000 teenagers in nine different communities, confirms the importance of parents. Steinberg shows that one out of three parents is "seriously disengaged" from his or her adolescent's education, and this is the primary reason why so many American students perform below their potential and below students in other rich countries.

A weight of evidence now demonstrates obvious links between absentee parents and a wide range of behavioral and emotional problems in children. A 1997 study of 90,000 teenagers — the Add Health Project undertaken (承担) by the Carolina Population Center and the Teenage Health Program at the University of Minnesota found that youngsters are less likely to get depressed, use drugs or become involved in crime when they spent significant time with their parents. This study found that the mere physical presence of a parent in the home after school, at dinner and at bedtime significantly reduces the incidence of risky behavior among teenagers.

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Take Effective Notes During Lectures

Effective note-taking is an active part of the learning process that requires you to get the main idea and write down its key words in your own way.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

Prepare for the lecture in advance.

Teachers hand out outlines of their lectures before they begin.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}It can help you focus on the difficulties you have in understanding and you will be able to ask better questions in class.

Find your style of taking notes

{#blank#}3{#/blank#}For example, some visual learners could draw certain shapes to represent important concepts. Some people prefer writing words, and some may find it most helpful to record a lecture and listen to it while studying. You have to find the style works best for you.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

Rather than writing complete sentences or even complete words, create a form of fast and brief writing with some signs or phrases to make note-taking easier. This will help you take notes quickly and keep up with the lecture.

Take down key points.

It is important to write down key points from the lecture.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}Things like key ideas, definitions, and descriptive phrases can help you remember the subject. For example, if the lecture is based on a specific battle in history, try to write down the date, the major characters involved and the overall outcome of the struggle.

A. Develop your shorthand.

B. Write questions as you are listening.

C. Skimming them will warm up your brain.

D. Everything you learn may be helpful in the future.

E. Different people may have different ways of note-taking.

F. It means you need to focus on the most meaningful information.

G. With the following tips, you can become a better lecture note-taker.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

The Great Courses—Best for Lifelong Learners

The Great Courses, one of the best online course providers, is an online platform that can meet the demands of individuals who love to learn simply for joy and choose from 1,345 courses in a range of topics.

The Great Courses Overview

Areas of study

13 subjects available

Course level

Beginner, advanced

Cost

$

18.50—$

469.95

Languages available

English only

What We Like

●While most other online course providers concentrate on upskilling and improving career and salary prospects, this platform is more about sharing knowledge for the purpose of satisfying intellectual curiosity. Popular courses focus on subjects like cooking, painting, dog training, language, culture, literature, music, science, history, geography and more.

●Lessons are video-based, available by streaming through The Great Courses' website or mobile app or on DVDs. Many lectures are also available as streaming audio makes it even easier for students to learn anytime and anywhere.

●The price of courses can range from around $20 to a few hundred dollars, but The Great Courses regularly offers discounts. The Great Courses also partners with Wondrium, a subscribed online learning platform, which gives students unlimited access to a library of courses for $12.50 per month.

What We Don't Like

Students who're seeking online learning to gain marketable, career-focused skills may need help in finding what they're looking for through The Great Courses. This platform has no grades or certificates of completion. Lecture-based video lessons may not appeal to all learners, especially those who prefer mastering new skills through experiential learning or reading assignments.

What Students Are Saying

Users give the platform 3.8 stars on Trustpilot. "I've been enjoying courses from this company for the last ten years. Its courses have broadened my outlook on life, educated me and entertained me," writes one student.

 七选五

How to make Quick Decisions For Your Life

We make decisions every day. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}When it comes to making decisions, choosing the right one can at times be stressful, especially if the decision must be made quickly. Indecision often weighs us down, but there are some useful tips for making quick decisions more easily.

{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Sometimes the key to making a quick decision comes down to planning ahead of time for just such an occasion. We all know we're going to come to an important decision-making point sooner or later, so having a plan already in hand can put our mind at ease when that time comes.

Overcome fear. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} While it may seem difficult to overcome the fear of making the wrong choice, many experts agree that we shouldn't be afraid to make the wrong decision, even if it seems important. The vast majority of wrong decisions can be corrected, while delaying decisions can often lead to more problems.

Write down all the advantages and disadvantages of your decision. Even if you don't have all the information, writing down all the pros and cons (优缺点) is a good starting point for figuring out what to do. In cases where there simply isn't enough time to write things down, make a mental list in your mind. Thinking of the pros and cons can help you organize your thoughts. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}.

Determine criteria. Remember that every decision you make should come with a certain list of criteria. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} But once you know the requirements you're looking for, making a decision will become easier. Look for the choice that satisfies the list you've made, and once that choice is found, you should move ahead with it.

A. Have a plan.

B. The list may be short or quite long.

C. Communicate your decision with others.

D. And this can always lead to a clear answer.

E. So cut out any options that you know you will not choose.

F. Often, one thing that keeps us from making decisions is fear.

G. Some can be very important while others are not serious in the long run.

阅读理解

Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible(可感知的;有形的) for you, I would like to give an example of what a child's education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning. 

Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with "Learning Hubs" that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit. 

Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive "teacher-citizen". Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity. 

We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve, and how does it transform our societies?

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