A study shows that one million lives might be saved each year if people wash their hands with soap(肥皂) often. It also says that hand-washing with soap could be among the best ways to reduce diseases. Doctors say many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These include the common cold, influenza(流行感冒), hepatitis(肝炎), infectious diarrhea(腹泻) and so on.

    Doctors say you are easy to catch a cold by touching your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another reason to catch a disease is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.

    They also say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet, after touching money and sneezing or coughing. The most helpful way is to wash them together while using soap and warm water. You do not have to use special soap. Be sure to wash all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds.

Title : Basic Knowledge of hand-washing

    My sister Alli and I have been trying to get people to stop dropping cigarette butts (烟蒂) for seven years.

    One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts. We called it "No Butts About It!"

    At first, we drew pictures with "The Earth Is Not Your Ashtray (烟灰缸) " written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown--in parks, by beaches, and along roads.

    We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts does harm to the environment. Most smokers don't think that dropping butts harms the earth.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give smokers.

    We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn't have to drop butts.

    At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Many people have started to join our group since it began.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}And there are even groups in England, Australia and India !

    Many newspapers have written about my sister and I over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for our good work.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}We just want to make the earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.

    One day it will be.

A. My sister and I set up a "No Butts About It" group.

B. But we are not interested in prizes.

C. Today there are 45 other "No Butts About It" groups in America.

D. They made the ground dirty.

E. But it does! All rubbish does.

F. Many smokers like to drop butts here and there.

G. Some companies would like to do it.

    A proverb is a short, well-known saying that expresses a common truth or belief. Proverbs are found in most cultures and are often very old.

    In American history, Benjamin Franklin was a scientist, inventor and writer as well as a leader of the American Revolution. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Franklin wrote a book called "Poor Richard's Almanac". {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Some of them are still used today, like this one: "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise."

    Franklin is also remembered for other proverbs like, "A penny saved is a penny earned." {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    Here are other examples of proverbs that Americans use. The first ones are about love. Some people say, "All is fair in love and war." They mean that anything you do in a relationship or in battle is acceptable.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} In other words, when you are in love with someone, you may refuse to see anything bad about that person.

    Here is another popular saying about love: "The way to a man's heart is through his stomach." Some people believe that a woman can win a man's love if she prepares his favorite foods.

    "{#blank#}5{#/blank#}" This proverb is true in love and war or other situations. It means that what you do is more important than what you say.

    We have to stop here, so we must say, "All good things must come to an end."

    Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the United States. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men went to college. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.

    In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard's law school. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Soon it began teaching American history.

    As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} There's so much to learn that one kind of school can't offer it all.

A. In 1825. besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German.

B. Most of them are made up of smaller schools

C. Yale, Princeton and Columbia were opened soon after Harvard

D Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them

E. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew