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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

安徽省安庆市第一中学2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    Babies teach their older brothers and sisters empathy (移情), according to a new research. Empathy means understanding and entering others' feelings. Until now, younger kids have generally been regarded to learn plenty from their older brothers or sisters but don't give back much. But this study, published in Child Development, confirms that younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) ensure their big brothers and sisters don't grow into disgusting people—no easy task.

    “Although it's assumed that older siblings and parents are the primary socializing influences on younger siblings' development but not vice versa, we found that both younger and older siblings positively contributed to each other's empathy over time,” study co-author Marc Jambon said in a statement. Prior sibling studies have focused on the influence of older brothers and sisters, probably because their impact is most obvious. As one review of literature notes, studies have shown that older siblings influence everything from their younger siblings' motor development to their risk of smoking later in life. And although separated studies have tried to pin down effects that younger siblings have on their older siblings, the influence of baby brothers and sisters remains unclear.

    For this new study, Jambon and his colleagues recruited (招募) a diverse group of 452 Canadian sibling pairs between the ages of 18 months and four years. At the start of the study, individual researchers assessed children's baseline empathy levels by visiting the kids at home and then pretending to hurt themselves or break a valuable item. Eighteen months later, they found small but significant increases in empathy.

    One unexpected exception—older sisters did not appear to experience increased empathy after 18 months living with their little brothers, specifically. The researchers aren't sure why this exception appeared, and they recommend that future studies dive into more complex phenomena.

(1)、What has been found in the new research?
A、Young kids could show more sympathy for others. B、Young siblings know more about empathy than the older. C、Younger kids can learn a lot from their older brothers or sisters. D、Younger siblings could contribute to their older ones' empathy.
(2)、What does Mare Jambon say about kids' empathy development?
A、Siblings influence each other in a positive way. B、Parents play a more important role than teachers. C、older siblings have far more obvious influences. D、Younger siblings make much smaller contribution.
(3)、What does the underlined words “pin down” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A、Assess. B、Limit. C、Confirm. D、Reduce.
(4)、What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph?
A、It offers no exceptions. B、It appears to be under control. C、It needs to be carried out further. D、It is recognized to be scientific.
举一反三
阅读理解

Bicycle Safety

    Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.

    Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack — even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.

Equipment

    Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and     adjusted properly.

    Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.

    Lights Always have a front headlight — visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.

Rules of the Road

    Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.

    Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.

If Things Go Wrong

    If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:

No bicycle registration  ………………..……………….…… $25

Bicycle parking banned   …………..…………………….……$30

Blocking path with bicycle   …………………………….……$40

Violation of bicycle equipment requirement  ……………....…$35

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

阅读理解

    Social media is our new travel agent, and it's changing the places we go. In some cases, the places we go. In some cases, the newfound fame brought about by social media platforms has helped to boost local economies and bring tourists to places they might never have discovered otherwise. In other cases, it's creating problems for countries and cities that are simply not equipped to deal with the influx(涌入) of tourists. Check out two of the incredible locations around the world that have gone viral on social media.

    Iceland

    This northern island nation has seen a dramatic surge(激增) in visitors over the past few years. One reason for that is the so-called "Game of Thrones effect,". This, combined with the availability of cheap flights and some very effective marketing campaigns, has made Iceland a popular travel destination. The number of tourists almost doubled from 566,000 to over 1 million between 2011 and 2015, according to Iceland's tourism board.

    While this influx of visitors has brought a much-needed boost to the economy post-recession(经济衰退), it's also pushed up prices for residents and put pressure on the infrastructure. Locals complain of tourists destroying the fragile ecosystem and leaving a mess behind them as they trample over the formerly untouched natural sites.

    Cuba

    According to Cuba's ministry of tourism, four million visitors went to Cuba in 2016, an increase of 13 percent from the year before. The tourism boom has had some consequences for the country's residents, The New York Times reported in December 2016.

    The surge in visitors has led to a food shortage, and basic food items have become completely unaffordable for locals. Local hotels and restaurants are buying up supplies in bulk for guests, pushing up prices and leaving limited amounts for locals.

    The situation has been acknowledged by the Cuban government, who put caps on prices to make them more affordable for residents. This has only encouraged sellers to put products on the black market, according to The New York Times.

阅读理解

    In the far future, robots live on Earth as humans but the population of humans is smaller than a thousand. This is a story of a repair robot R-62.

    One day, a car came to the repair factory and a human stepped out of the car.

    "Wow, a human! I have never seen a real one," said R-62.

    "Humans are quite clever. They're able to do any action they want to. They're even able to harm other human beings or organize wars, which they have been doing a lot in the history. Also they don't even have to follow orders if they don't want to," said another robot T-59 quietly to R-62.

    "How terrible it is! And almost all robots seem afraid of him and don't look at him directly," said R-62.

    The human then sat down and asked if there had been any problems in the last 10 years and he only got a quick answer, "No, sir."

    Then suddenly, R-62 said loudly, "I have one question for you."

    The human said, "Yes", a bit unhappy for not getting "sir".

    "Why do human create so many robots?" asked R-62.

    Silence followed the question and he then said, "I don't need to answer questions from robots!" He then went into his car and drove away quickly.

    "I really don't understand why humans replaced (取代)themselves with robots," asked R-62.

"Because they thought that robots were more advanced(先进的) than humans. They created us to support themselves," answered T-59.

    "But there are so few humans on Earth. What they should do is take away the robots or at least make them stop doing the work which humans are supposed to do," said R-62.

    "I agree. But we can do nothing about it. And now we have to finish repairing this car," said T-59.

    "All right, let's continue."

阅读理解

    Like infectious diseases, ideas in the academic world are epidemic (传染的). But why some travel far and wide while equally good ones has been a mystery? Now a team of computer scientists has used an epidemiological model to simulate (模仿) how ideas move from one academic institution to another. The model showed that ideas originating at famous institutions caused bigger "epidemics" than equally good ideas from less famous places, explains Allison Morgan, a computer scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder.

    "This implies that where an idea is born shapes how far it spreads," says senior author Aaron Clauset.

    Not only is this unfair— "it reveals a big weakness in how we're doing science," says Simon DeDeo, a professor of social and decision sciences at Carnegie Mellon university, who was not involved in the study. "There are many highly trained people with good ideas who do not end up at top institutions. They are producing good ideas, and we know those ideas are getting lost," DeDeo says. "Our science, our scholarships, is not as good because of this."

    The Colorado researchers first looked at how five big ideas in computer science spread to new institutions. They found that hiring a new faculty member accounted for this movement a little more than a third of the time--and in 81 percent of those cases, transmissions took place from higher – to lower-prestige (声望) universities. Then the team simulated the spread of ideas using an infectious disease model and found that the size of an idea "epidemic" depended on the prestige of the originating institution.

    The researchers' model suggests that there "may be a number of quite good ideas that originate in the middle of the pack, in terms of universities." Clauset says. There is a lot of good work coming out of less famous places, he says: "You can learn a huge amount from it, and you can learn things that other people don't know because they're not even paying attention."

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