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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

广东省深圳市耀华实验学校2018-2019学年高一下学期英语入学考试试卷(实验部)

阅读理解

    According to a British study presented to an international conference on smoking, within a few short years, more girls in Europe will be smokers than boys, for reasons experts still fail to understand.

    Anti-smoking activists (积极分子) at the second "Tobacco or Health" conference on the Canary Islands pointed out that while adults were giving up smoking in ever growing numbers, more and more young people were taking up the habit, especially girls.

    One 15-year-old in four is a regular smoker, according to a study made in 27 countries in Europe, the United States, Canada and Israel by Edinburgh University together with the World Health Organization.

    In Western Europe, girls were more likely than boys to smoke. In Germany and England, one third of the girls were smokers compared to one in four boys. In Eastern Europe, the girls "still fall behind" those in the Western Europe but were "catching up" quickly, said the study.

    The study dealt with the behaviour of 15-year-olds in seven European countries over a four-year period.

    The percentages of young women smoking went from 17 percent to 36 percent in Austria, from 17 percent to 28 percent in Norway, and from 21 percent to 28 percent in Hungary.

    Of the seven countries and regions studied (Austria, Finland, Hungary, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Wales), more girls than boys smoked in 1998, with the exception of Hungary.

(1)、According to the article, many _________ in Europe have given up smoking.
A、adults B、boys C、girls D、old men
(2)、The number of boys who smoke is _______ the number of girls who smoke in Germany and England.
A、larger than B、as large as C、smaller than D、as small as
(3)、The study was made by ___________.
A、Edinburgh University B、the World Health Organization C、Oxford University D、Edinburgh University and the World Health Organization
举一反三
阅读理解
    How can you find out what is going on inside a person's body without opening the patient s body up? Regular X-rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.
    What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient's body.
    Doctors use X-rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body. X-rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.
    A CAT scanner,however,uses a group of X-rays to give a cross-sectional (横截面) view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X-rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photo-graphed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another,can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active,moving organs,just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”,giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.
    Frequent appearance before X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don't cause the patient to more radiation than regular X-rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X-rays.
    CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。
阅读理解

    There is much to see Australia that you can't see easily in its natural setting anywhere else. A visit to Australia would not be complete without taking the chance to see some of these animals in their natural environment.

Bandicoot

    There are several species of Bandicoot around Australia, and although occasionally they can be seen during the day, they are generally nocturnal. Bandicoots are small creatures only about the size of a rat and eat small insects and plants. Several of the Bandicoots around Australia include the Eastern Barred Bandicoot, which is now rare around Australia and the Southern Brown Bandicoot found in eastern and western parts of Australia.

Koala

    Koalas are small bears like creatures that live along the east coast of Australia, with their habitat amongst the famous Eucalyptus trees. However, koalas only like to eat a small percentage of the Eucalyptus trees found around Australia. Koalas have hard black noses, with sharp claws and a thick furry coat and can grow to a weight of about 10kg, most of their time is spent asleep in the trees, which is the best place to see a koala.

Dingo

    Dingoes are found in various areas across Australia, and unlike domestic dogs do not bark. Instead, the Dingo makes a howling sound that is very particular. Dingoes generally eat mice, rabbits and rats, although sometimes they can also attack livestock(家畜) when hungry.

Frilled Lizard

    The Frilled Lizard is found in the eastern and northern parts of Australia, living within the bush. The Frilled Lizard frill normally hangs around its neck, and is made out of a flap of skin. When threatened, the Frilled Lizard will raise its frill making it seen more dangerous.

阅读理解

    Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.

    In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To dothis, plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.

    But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all that leftover energy, these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows.

    White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When wind­blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout(发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.

    New trees will provide shelters for some snow. Keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.

阅读理解

    Are you so sure your mistakes are just mistakes? Or could they be building blocks to a success beyond any you imagined?

    When my friend Dorothy goes home to visit her family each Thanksgiving, her mother serves the traditional “mistake salad”. The dish was born many years ago. Dorothy explains, when mother was using a cookbook to make a salad. In the process, mother accidentally included half the salad ingredients(原料)from a recipe(食谱)on the left side of the open cookbook, and half the ingredients from a different salad recipe on the opposite page. Everyone enjoyed the salad so much that she continue to serve it every year. So it was really not a mistake at all.

    Then there was the fellow named Alfred, who invented dynamite(炸药). When Alfred's brother died, the city newspaper confused the two and printed an abituary(讣告)saying that the dead's most notable act was the creation of bombs. Surprised to consider that his name would forever be connected with destruction, Alfred sought to leave a more positive fame to humanity. So he set a prize for people who contributed to world peace. Now the Nobel Prize, established by Alfred Nobel, is the most respected award in the world.

    Everything is part of something bigger, and mistakes are no exception. In his brilliant book Illusions, Richard Bach explains that every problem comes to you with a gift. If you focus only on what went wrong, you miss the gift. If you are willing to look deeper and ask for the bright, the problem will disappear. You are left only with the learning, and you go forward on your path.

阅读理解

    China's cancer researcher Zhu Chen, together with two French researchers Anne Dejean and Hugues de Thé, received Sjoberg Prize 2018 in Stockholm Concert Hall, Sweden on Friday.

    “We used wisdom from both Chinese and Western medicine and offered a cure to one of the most deadly cancers,” Chen told Xinhua, “I feel that Chinese medicine has potential to contribute more to human health. It struggles for benefiting all mankind. It's a language of peace, and of development and progress.” Chen recalled the cooperation with the two French researchers for over 30 years.

    This year's Sjoberg winners have developed a new and targeted treatment for a specific form of blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukaemia (急性早幼粒白血病). It was once one of the deadliest forms of cancer, but it is now possible to cure nine out of ten patients who receive the new treatment. The winners have made this revolutionary development possible by methodically mapping the molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease.

    The Prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and is funded (资助)by the Sjoberg Foundation. The foundation, with a donation of 2.5 billion US dollars, was founded in 2016, and serves to promote scientific research that focuses on cancer, health and the environment.

    The Prize is an annual international prize in cancer research awarded to individual researchers or research groups. The prize amounts to one million US dollars, of which 100,000US dollars is the prize sum and 900,000US dollars is funding for future research.

阅读理解

    Throughout history, artist, inventors, writers and scientists have solved problems in their dreams. Now, let's have a look together at some of them.

    ⒈Paul McCartney Found Yesterday in a dream

    Paul McCartney is one of the most famous singers/songwriters of all time. According to the Guinness Book of Records, his Beatles song Yesterday(1965) has the most cover(翻唱) versions of any song ever written and, according to record label BMI,was performed over seven million times in the 20th century.

    The tune for Yesterday came to Paul McCartney in a dream.

“I woke up with a lovely tune in my head. I thought, 'That's great, I wonder what that is?' There was an upright piano next to me, to the right of my bed by the window. I got out of bed, sat at the piano, found G, found F sharp minor—- and that leads you through then to B to E minor, and finally back to E. It all leads forward logically. I liked the melody a lot, but because I'd dreamed it, I couldn't believe I'd written it. I thought, 'No, I've never written anything like this before.' But I had the tune, which was the most magic thing! ”

    ⒉Mary Shelley's Frankentein Inspired by a Dream

    In the summer of 1816, nineteen-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin and her lover, the poet Percy Shelley (whom she married later that year), visited the poet Lord Byron at his villa beside Lake Geneva in Switzerland. Stormy weather frequently forced them indoors, where they and Byron's other guests sometimes read from a volume of ghost stories. One evening, Byron challenged his guests to each write one themselves.

    Mary's story, inspired by a dream, became Frankentein(科学怪人).

“When I placed my head upon my pillow, I did not sleep, nor could I be said to think—-My eyes shut ,I saw——with my acute mental vision—-the pale student of unholy arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the ugly figure of a man stretch out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and tremble with an uneasy motion, extremely frightful. The next morning I announced that I had thought of a story. I began that day with the words, 'It was on a dull night of November', making only a transcript(文字稿) of the cruel terror of my waking dream.”

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