题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：困难
江苏省如东中学、栟茶中学2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期末考试试卷
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
We all need to feel understood, recognized and affirmed by our friends, family and romantic partners. We all need to find our tribe.
Research has shown that among the benefits that come with being in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning. When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.
Though we all share a need to belong, in the first decades of the 20th century, many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature. The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous, but also dismissed as immoral and disgusting.
As behavioral psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to child- raising, this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life. They discovered that people, whatever their age, needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives.
But, sadly, many of us lack close ties. At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before, rates of social isolation are rising. The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone, and it's not unusual for another half a million people to go without someone to speak to for five or six days. All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness — they reveal a lack of meaning in people's lives. In surveys, we list our close relationships as our most important sources of meaning. Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.
While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life, they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate. Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy. “High-quality connections”, as one researcher calls them, are positive, short-term interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic(移情作用的) conversation on a plane. High-quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers. We can't control whether someone will make a high-quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one. We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away. We can choose to value people rather than devalue them. We can invite people to belong.
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Passage outline |
Supporting details |
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The need to belong |
*Everyone hopes to develop a of belonging in a group. *People's self-respect is by other people's opinion. |
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The changing to belonging |
*Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century that people had the need to belong. *Experts later came to realize that people, of their age, needed attachment to enjoy full and healthy lives. |
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Consequences of close ties |
*Many people are cut off from the world and feel . *People who do not have enough close relationships find their lives are less . |
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Another way to meet the need |
*High-quality connections make a in helping satisfy our need to belong. *We should to make a high-quality connection. |
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Time for Americans to act on climate change
The climate crisis is worsening at a rate that is becoming harder and harder to ignore. For more than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that global warming is real, that humans cause it and that the consequences will be disastrous.
The scientific community has become increasingly panicked over the past year. The latest assessment from the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change painted a far more terrible picture than its previous analyses, and the long-awaited National Climate Assessment made clear that climate change represents a severe threat to human health as well as our economic security. Out of this panic came the treaty(条约)reached this past weekend by world leaders to keep the Paris climate agreement alive.
Yet many Americans still don't regard the threat as a key priority for our government, and support President Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty. Campaign contributions from fossil fuel companies have convinced elected officials to look the other way. A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy(漠然).
But there is another reason that has been discussed far less openly. While a growing number of people understand that climate change will have significant worldwide consequences, many Americans have an intuitive(直觉的)belief that their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment. Why? Because they have before.
This historical success, however, resulted from the federal government taking science seriously, and making investments to urge revolution and innovation.
But these innovations did not happen by themselves, or simply because of the United States' rich resources. They depended on consistent support from the leaders about the need to take action when faced with crises. This has been especially true in the environmental crisis.
President Bill Clinton had a shockingly modest record of advancing climate security, particularly given that his vice president, Al Gore, had been one of the most outspoken environmentalists in Congress. By far Clinton's biggest accomplishment was assigning Gore to participate іn thе Куоtо Рrоtoсоl negotiations. Сlіntоn сhоѕе, hоwеvеr, tо аvоіd whаt ѕurеlу wоuld have been a terrible fight in the Senate to gain approval of the treaty. While this effort probably would have failed, it would have signaled to the American people how seriously the Democratic Party took climate change.
Thus, the time has clearly arrived for progressive candidates to start campaigning on a platform built around the need for a sustainability revolution. Such a plan should include a carbon tax, well-funded clean energy research, evolved agricultural policies and smarter public transport. Given that Generation X and millennials(千禧一代)never bought into the fiction that the United States is immune to the dangers of global warming, the time is ripe to make climate security a crucial government responsibility. Only by doing so can we begin the long-overdue(拖延好久的)campaign to save the planet.
Time for Americans to act on climate change
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Introduction |
More and more people have become {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of the severity of climate crisis. It is human beings that are to {#blank#}2{#/blank#} for the real global warming and should {#blank#}3{#/blank#} for what they have done. |
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Worldwide efforts |
Given that human health as well as our economic security is {#blank#}4{#/blank#} a severe threat caused by climate change, Paris Climate Treaty has been reached by world leaders. |
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Current American's responses |
A negative attitude |
Unable to grasp the seriousness of the threat, many Americans are in {#blank#}5{#/blank#} of President Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty. |
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{#blank#}6{#/blank#} for responses |
Elected officials turn a deaf ear to the threat on account of their {#blank#}7{#/blank#} relationship with fossil fuel companies. A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy. Many Americans are wildly {#blank#}8{#/blank#} about their ability to a changed environment. |
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Earlier American's responses |
A(n) {#blank#}9{#/blank#} attitude |
Wisely assigning his vice president to participate in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations, President Bill Clinton took climate change seriously. |
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Inspiration form responses |
The Democratic Party used to take adequate notice of the potential crisis of the climate change. |
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{#blank#}10{#/blank#} |
It is high time for Americans to begin the long-overdue campaign to save the planet. |
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