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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

辽宁省沈阳铁路实验中学2018-2019学年高二上学期英语12月月考试卷

阅读理解

    We know that our pet dogs and cats can recognize our faces, but our pet fish? A team of scientists from the UK and Australia have discovered that archer-fish(喷水鱼) can distinguish human faces!

    This marks the first time that a species of fish has shown such an ability. Such abilities have been previously shown in birds, but unlike fish, they have been proven to possess structures similar to the neocortex(大脑新皮层), the researchers added.

    "Being able to distinguish between a large number of human faces is a surprisingly difficult task," Dr Newport said, "mainly due to the fact that all human faces share the same basic features."

    During their experiments, Dr Newport and her colleagues presented archerfish with two images of human faces, and trained them to choose one by spitting jets(喷射流)of water at that picture. Next, the fish were presented with the familiar face and several that were unfamiliar, and were able to correctly pick the one that they had been trained to recognize, even when features such as head shape and color were removed from the selected pictures.

    In the first experiment, the archerfish were tasked with picking the previously learned face from a group of 44 new ones, which they did with 81 percent accuracy. In the second, the researchers decided to make things a little harder. They took the pictures and made them black and white and evened out (使平均) the head shapes. You would think that would throw the fish for a loop. But no, they were able to pick the familiar face even then—and with more accuracy: 86%!

    "Fish have a simpler brain than humans and entirely lack the section of the brain that humans use for recognizing faces. Despite this, fish may still be capable of finding the face they are trained to recognize," Dr Newport said. "The fact that archerfish can learn this task suggests that complicated brains are not necessarily needed to recognize human faces."

(1)、What does the underlined word "they" in paragraph 2 refer to?

A、Species B、Birds. C、Fish. D、Abilities.
(2)、The research shows that       .

A、archerfish are cleverer than other fishes. B、all fishes can be trained to recognize human faces. C、complex brains are not necessary for facial recognition. D、it is very difficult for animals to recognize human faces.
(3)、We can infer from the text that      .

A、archerfish have a good memory. B、archerfish can only recognize human faces. C、people's similar physical appearance limits archerfish's facial recognition. D、archerfish can recognize the familiar face even if its head shape and color are changed.
(4)、The text is most likely to appear in      .

A、a biology textbook B、a medical report C、a science fiction D、a science magazine
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

    Sometimes it's necessary to take a break, relax and forget the routine (日常工作), so I know of an excellent place to do it outside the city. It's a beautiful place and I really enjoy going there.

    The name is Tepoztlán, 71 km south of Mexico City. Here you can find a lot of different meals, beautiful landscapes, historical buildings, local souvenirs, and so on.

    The weather most of the time is very hot, and I have to give you some advice if you go.

● Use sun block ● Wear comfortable clothes, sunglasses and a hat ● Drink a lot of water

    I give you this advice because I ended up with sunstroke. I'm going to tell you how my trip started. When we got there we were really starving, so we decided to have breakfast and when we go to Tepoztlan we usually enjoy "quesadillas" in the market.

    In Mexico, it's very common to eat in the market, but these kinds of markets not only sell food but also you can buy clothes, flowers, everything you can imagine.

    Tepoztlan has a lot of tourist sites, but the main attraction is Tepozteco hill, and it's more attractive for the visitors during "Spring Equinox". To be honest, I've never climbed it, I'm too lazy to walk a lot and even more in the sun.

    In my trip we didn't have time to do all that because one day is not enough, but if you have the opportunity to stay for more than one day it's an excellent idea.

阅读理解

    The Golden Week holiday is extended to eight days this year, as China is ushering in two celebrations from Oct. 1-8: the National Day holiday and the Mid-Autumn Festival. For anyone who is looking forward to a rich,refreshing break, here is a list of some of the best exhibitions, shows and things to do around town.

    Qin and Han dynasties relics

    The Civilizations of Qin and Han celebrates the glory of those two dynasties (221BC-AD2 20) in terms of politics,economics, arts and culture. More than 300 artifacts from 30 museums and institutions across the country are on show through Nov. 30.

    If you go: 9am-5pm till Nov. 30. Closed on Mondays. National Museum of China, 16 East Chang'an Avenue,Dongcheng District. 010-6611-6188.

    Ticket: Free

    Artist's solo show

    Chen jialing is a famous artist who seeks a connection between Chinese and Western art, and demonstrates and excellence for industrial design. He will show dozens of ink paintings. Also on display are his designs on decorative works for daily use, such as bowls, furniture pieces and silk scarves.

    If you go: 9am-5pm till Oct. 8. National Museum of China, Dongcheng District.

    Walk into a time machine at Beijing Design week

    This year's Beijing Design Week is allowing visitors to explore exhibitions and events in the city's Dashilar area with interactive experiences that apply advanced technology, such as virtual reality.

    By simply scanning a QR code, information about exhibitions and events linked to the Beijing Design Week being held in the Dashilar Design Community pop up. Push the button on your screen, and you can use the “time machine” to wander through the alleys of Dashilar area.

    If you go: till Oct. 5.3 Cha'er Hutong, Xicheng District.

    Ticket: Free

    German designer Weingart's works at Beijing Design Week

    Another highlight of this year's Beijing Design Week is an exhibition from German - born designer Wolfgang Weingart. His style has been influencing designers and his students in Europe and North America over the years.

    If you go: 9:30 -5:30 pm till Oct 8. Art Museum of Central Academy of Fine Arts, 8 Huajiadi South Street, Chaoyang District 010-6577-1018.

    Ticket: 120 yuan per person.

阅读理解

    We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide" said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

    45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

    " We do not yet know the mechanisms(机制)involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected," the researchers said. "Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify."

    The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物)smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing.

    Warm-blooded animals aren't immune(免除)from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaken And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.

    This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.

    The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.

阅读理解

    In San Francisco, where the number of the homeless has risen by 7% in the last decade, a non-profit organization is putting bathrooms on wheels and driving them to those in need. The group, Lava Mae, is improving retiring city buses and bringing them into different neighborhoods, currently providing about 200 showers each week.

    Doniece Sandoval, the founder of Lava Mae, first became interested in the issue in 2012, when she passed a young woman under an overpass near the San Francisco Design Center who was repeating to herself that she'd never get clean. "It made me wonder what her chances were," said Sandoval, who was then inspired to research exactly how many public shower stalls(淋浴间)existed in the city. Her findings were disheartening.

    So Lava Mae came together when she heard the city would be retiring cold city buses. "I told myself, I want those buses!" she said.

    Each bus has two private bathrooms, one of which is wheelchair accessible. Along with the basic shower, sink and toilet, the spaces have soft lighting, digital controls for water, and hair dryers.

    "Though you're only going to be on the bus for 20 minutes or so, it's 20 minutes of complete privacy," Said Sandoval.

    The buses are parked near agencies that already serve the homeless. "If we can reduce the amount of time people have to run from place to place to get essential services, we'll be able to make things better," said Sandova.

    What's next for lava Mae? The group is starting a program so that others can mimic their process. " What we're hoping to do is to get people to follow what we do, so they can recreate it." she said.

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