修改时间：2021-05-20 浏览次数：128 类型：同步测试
The brain is a remarkable part. It's responsible for thoughts and feelings. Now a new study finds that going through tough times as a kid also can have an impact. The adult brains of people who lived through lots of stress before the age of six—and then became depressed or anxious as teenagers—were different compared with adults who had an easier childhood. It seems that teens changed the shape of their brains by internalizing (使内在化) the stresses experienced years earlier.
Researchers already knew that the shape and size of a child's brain can change in response to lots of stress. They also knew that adults were more likely to be depressed if, as kids, they'd lived in poverty. Some studies showed that these depressed adults had unusual changes in their brain shape. But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked.
Scientists in England studied almost 500 boys from birth until the ages of 18 to 21. Sarah Jensen is one of the new study's authors. Almost all of the boys her team studied experienced some hard times as kids. And, she concludes, "This is not necessarily harmful." To some extent, that's just life. What can be dangerous, she says, is when children experience too many forms of difficulties. Her team's new data suggest that the tougher the childhood, the stronger the impact on the brain might be.
What's happening in the world around us relates to how we feel. Her team linked more childhood stress to more depression. Still, she notes, it's possible that if you find support for anxiety or depression, you might be able to prevent the changes seen here. "If you can change the environment, you can change the course of things," Sarah says. So, she recommends, if teens develop anxiety or depression, it's good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice.
Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They began to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Business can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, firstclass roads, and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owner of the hotel lose money.
Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.
Londoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and of books-especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of everincreasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy "proper" books, too, printed on good paper and bound (装订) between hard covers.
There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in bookselling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being "the biggest bookshop in the world" to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens' time. Some of these shops stock, or will obtain, any kind of books, but many of them specialize in secondhand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on philosophy, politics or any other of the countless subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes only in books about ballet!
Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charring Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap secondhand books, the collector must venture off the beaten track, to Farringdon Road, for example, in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so impressive as bookshops. The booksellers come along each morning and pour out their sacks of books onto small handcarts. And the collectors, some professionals and some amateurs, have been waiting for them. In places like this they can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old one that may be worth many pounds.
Three men traveling on a train began a conversation about the world's greatest wonders.
"In my opinion, "the first man said, "the Egyptian pyramids are the world's greatest wonder. Although they were built thousands of years ago, they are still standing. And remember: the people who built them had only simple tools. They did not have the kind of machinery that builders and engineers have today."
"I agree that the pyramids in Egypt are wonderful," the second man said, "but I do not think they are the greatest wonder. I believe computers are more wonderful than the pyramids. They have taken people to the moon and brought them back safely. In seconds, they carry out mathematical calculations that would take a person a hundred years to do."
He turned to the third man and asked, "What do you think is the greatest wonder in the world?"
The third man thought for a long time, and then he said, "Well, I agree that the pyramids are wonderful, and I agree that computers are wonderful, too. However, in my opinion, the most wonderful thing in the world is this thermos."
And he took a thermos out of his bag and held it up.
The other two men were very surprised. "A thermos?" they exclaimed. "But that's a simple thing."
"Oh, no, it's not," the third man said. "In the winter you put in a hot drink and it stays hot. In the summer you put in a cold drink and it stays cold. How does the thermos know whether it's winter or summer?"
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A. You should do it continuously. B. Someone may hang up on you. C. You don't need to go to the gym. D. Running in the gym may be a better choice. E. Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself. F. Take a class for a hobby you've been wanting to develop. G. You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone. |
If something that you're doing doesn't challenge you, then it doesn't change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all. So challenge the following limits:
①Figure out what you're scared of and do it continuously.
If you're a salesman, and you're scared of talking to people personally or over the phone, now, instead of being scared and thinking you'll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call. But don't stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eyes and say, "Go on, I'm not scared!"
②
Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on. Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.
③Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.
A simple 9minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself.
④Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.
Don't just limit yourself to your fellow travelers－try to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people they're going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class.
While driving home today, I passed a man who was holding a sign, begging for donations. I had 1 dollar(s) in my wallet. I decided that I was not going to give 2 money was so tight right now.
Then, I felt it 3 not to give, and therefore I 4 to give him half of what I had. I rolled down my window and 5 him one dollar. He said, "God bless you!" and I said, "You too." It was not a full 6.
As I 7 away, I wished that I had 8 more to him, and I wished that I had given him all that I had, but instead I was too 9 to give more of myself.
On my way home, I wondered why helping others didn't make me happy. I wondered if I had 10 a powerful universal law—the law of giving from my 11 instead of my head. Perhaps just 12 not giving it all from my heart, I had blocked (阻塞) what I need to 13 right now.
I did not feel guilty, 14 I did feel sad in my heart over my 15. My giving was from my head, not my heart. Now I 16 have the other dollar in my wallet. I hope that I will have a 17 soon to give it all.
It is true that all of us should have courage to 18 all that we have. Though we do 19 money to buy our own children food and clothes, Christmas presents, socks, toilet paper and so on, we are 20 to try our best to help those in need of our help.
On keeping a diary in English
Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability.
(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes (little) time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English.
we keep practising, gradually we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. On keeping a diary in English, we certainly meet with many (difficult).
Firstly, often happens that we have trouble (find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind.
Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.
As far as I (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a ChineseEnglish dictionary within easy reach. Whenever we meet with something that we don't know how to express in English, we can first put it in our notebook and then refer to our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is very (use) to keep a diary in English for development of our writing skills.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：①每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
②只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Hello, everyone! I would like to share my travel experience for you. Last summer, ours school had an exchange programme with an American school, but I took part in it with many classmates. We stay at host families, that gave us an opportunity to learn more about America. The main part of our programme was to experience the school life in the America. Compare with Chinese students, American students were very open and active. Besides, they had less homeworks and fewer exams. During the visit, I made friends with some American students, who were very interesting in Chinese culture. I think the programme is of great benefit to us as well the American students.
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