题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
山东省师大附中2018-2019学年高一上学期英语期中考试试卷
You're sitting on the sofa, and there's your dog, right at your feet. You stand up? He stands up. But then you head to the bathroom, and guess who comes with? Why, your dog, of course. But why? Why does your dog follow you like a shadow, no matter where you go?
Ever get the feeling you're being followed? As for why your companion follows you everywhere you go, read on!
"When dogs follow their owners, there can be several scientific explanations, depending on the dog and the individual situation," according to Mary Burch, Ph.D., an animal behaviorist(行为学家).
These explanations include:
Positive reinforcement(正面强化): When your dog follows you, good things happen. Think dog food, a hot bath and taking a walk around the neighborhood. Your dog's no dummy. And one of his many talents is learning from experience, that is "reinforcement."
Natural instinct(本能) to be part of a pack: In fact, a study out of Princeton University that was published in the journal, Science Advances, shows that your dog's drive (驱动力)to follow you around (as well as watch you attentively and seek physical contact (身体接触) from you) lies in his genes(基因).
Feel good chemicals(化学物质): Your presence causes your dog's brain to release "feel good" chemicals, Dr. Primm explains, citing this study. Considering how much we as humans enjoy those feel-good chemicals, it's no surprise your dog likes them too—and will follow you around to get some!
Sense of responsibility : As you move about your home, your dog might feel that you are patrolling your territory (巡视领地) and take on the duty to assist you.
There are reasonable dependencies that are healthy for an individual's development. However, other dependencies bring unhappiness. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} In this article, we're going to be talking about some of them.
Other people's opinions
Depending on other people's opinions means letting your behavior, likes and desires be determined by the approval of those that surround you, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} As a result of this, you guide your life projects, dreams, and behavior according to what others may think.
Fashion
Few are able to tell apart their own tastes and style from the current fashion trends. Now, we're not only talking about clothing or accessories here but about general preferences and even philosophies. That desire to hop on a train and be part of the majority sometimes leads to dependency. Some become truly concerned about not being "in style". {#blank#}3{#/blank#}
Physical appearance
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} As a result, they end up believing that their worth as human beings is defined by the way they look. We can't lie; beauty opens doors to some individuals. Also, it makes it easier for some to climb to the top. However, it doesn't serve much beyond that initial chapter.
Money
When the individual begins associating their personal value with the amount of money they have, it becomes a problem. Relying on money sometimes means believing that happiness equals consumption. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} To those who think this way, not having money is equivalent to losing everything, including themselves.
A. It is associated with a deep dependency. B. Having money is vital to everyone's life. C. These don't contribute to your well-being. D. Therefore, their own sense of identity is lost. E. Some people take this too seriously to the point of addiction. F. Supposing that your value depends on your wealth is the key to unhappiness. G. You don't really focus on believing yourself but getting acceptance from others. |
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