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Why do earthquakes happen?
Scientists believe that the surface of the earth is covered by a number of
moving plates. Sometimes two plates move towards and push against each other.
Sometimes they stop for years but at other times they jump and an earthquake is
felt. Because of the movements of these plates, California, China and Japan
have a lot of earthquakes. You can see the result in San Francisco where the
Pacific plate meets the North American plate. When the 1906 earthquake
happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5 to 6 metres to the north.
China is a country where many
earthquakes happen. The Pacific plate is pushing China from the east and the
Indian plate is pushing China from the southwest. The power of this movement
created the Himalayas and Mount Qomolongma. It now causes earthquakes in China.
We cannot stop earthquakes but we can do things to make sure they do not
destroy whole cities. First it is not a good idea to build houses along the
line where two plates meet. Second, if you think there may be an earthquake, make
sure to build houses on rock rather than sand. Third, you must make the houses
as strong as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but
strong ones may stay up.