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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

湖南省师范大学附属中学2017-2018学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷(音频暂未更新)

阅读理解

    If you are taking vitamin supplements to reduce your risk of heart disease or cancer, a group of health experts want you to know that those vitamins may actually increase your risk of cancer.

    The US Preventive Services Task Force came to this conclusion after reviewing dozens of studies.

    Nearly half of adults in the US take at least one vitamin or mineral supplement on a regular basis. These pills are advertised as a way to promote general health. In some cases, manufacturers promote them as cancer fighters and heart protectors.

    Studies in animals and in laboratory dishes suggest that oxidative(氧化性的) stress contributes to diseases like cancer and heart disease. If so, there is a reason to believe that antioxidants—including beta-carotene, vitamins A, C, and E—could be useful as preventive medicines.

    But when the Task Force examined the medical evidence on vitamins, it found “inadequate(不充分的) evidence” to support the claims that vitamin and mineral supplements benefit healthy adults.

    “Cardiovascular(心血管的) disease and cancer have a significant health impact in America, and we all want to find ways to prevent these diseases,” Dr. Virginia Moyer, who heads the Task Force, said in a statement. But so far, she added, the medical evidence does not show that taking vitamins is helpful in this regard.

    However, the Task Force did find “adequate evidence” that people with a raised risk for lung cancer actually increase their risk further by taking beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.

    The Task Force recommendations of taking vitamins regularly apply to healthy adults aged 50 and older who don't have “special nutritional needs”. The advice does not apply to children, women who are pregnant or may become pregnant, people with chronic illnesses, or people who have to take supplements because they can't get all their essential nutrients from their diet.

(1)、Studies in animals and in laboratory dishes find out________.
A、ample evidence that taking vitamins are helpful for treating lung cancer B、cardiovascular disease spreads very fast in America C、oxidative stress can lead to heart disease and cancer D、people must take vitamins on a regular basis
(2)、What can we conclude from Task Force's findings?
A、Scientists want to control cardiovascular disease. B、In some regard, taking vitamins is not useful. C、Manufacturers cannot produce medical-use vitamins. D、Vitamins must be useful to prevent cancer and heart disease.
(3)、Who can take vitamins regularly according to the advice of the Task Force?
A、A 60-year-old healthy worker. B、A 15-year-old boy with short-sightedness. C、A 34-year-old pregnant lady. D、A 40-year-old man who never eats vegetables or fruits.
(4)、What's the best title for the text?
A、An Inside Look at Vitamins B、Task Force: Ending to Vitamins C、Vitamins: To Live or to Kill D、Taking Vitamins to Prevent Cancer May Fail
举一反三
阅读理解

    After opening the world's first commercial Direct Air Capture plant(直接空气捕集工厂)designed to pull CO2 out of the air, Swiss company Climeworks is now trying to create the world's first “negative emission(负排放)” power plant.

    An international team of scientists has been working on a way to turn captured CO2 into minerals. The project is called CarFix. Experts capture the gas, put it into water and send it to more than 700 meters underground. There the CO2 on contact with a special kind of rock forms into a mineral.

    “Our results show that between 95 and 98 percent of the CO2, sent underground was mineralized over the period of less than two years, which is amazingly fast,” says lead author of the CarFix project, Dr. Juerg Matter. Before this discovery it was thought that this mineralization could take hundreds to thousands of years.

    The DAC technology can collect CO2 from the atmosphere and then store it underground or sell it to business needing the gas. For example, customers can use it in drinks. And the first plant in Zurich is supplying the captured CO2 to a nearby greenhouse to “feed” vegetables. By using the company's CO2 the customers can reduce their carbon mission as well as lower their dependence on energy.

    A 2015 study suggested that before the CarFix project, experts could collect CO2, but they didn't have a large-scale(大规模的)method to safely treat it.

    Combining Climeworks' DAC technology with the CarFix mineralization process they will be able to create a system. This system doesn't put additional carbon back into the atmosphere. Actually it is carbon negative.

    “The economic cost of applying this kind of carbon capture technology on a large-scale is not particularly practical now, but for the first time we are seeing a realistic and effective system,” says Christoph Gebald CEO of Climeworks.

阅读理解

    Home gardening is an enjoyable family activity. It brings many benefits to your body's health, your wallet and the environment. There is the fun of growing whatever pleases you all year round. And you can get the freshest and safest vegetables.

    However, being a home gardener in modern society is tricky. As you have too much to do every day and have no time to take good care of them, all your plants may die. Luckily, there are many gardening apps that are helpful in teaching the art of growing a wonderful garden.

    One of them is Gardenia. It can provide a great deal of information for crazy gradeners who want to increase their gardening skills and continue growing fresh produce. If you've got a smart phone with this app, everything becomes a lot easier, whether you are a beginner or an expert in home gardening.

    Gardenia is designed to teach you the best gardening tips, and it can predict how fast the plants much have grown and what needs to be done. It is light with a beautiful interface (界面), user - friendly and easy to use. Anyway, Gardenia is a perfect planting organizer for you to use and plan your green tasks. It was developed by an experienced home gardener.

    The best thing about this app is its over 90,000 different plants library for you to choose and the right way of planting each of them. More importantly, it helps everyone recognize a plant that grows well in their local area. So it's always something you deserve to enjoy! Do use it on your phone if you're really interested in gardening.

阅读理解

    Regulating a complex new technology is hard, particularly if it is evolving rapidly. With autonomous vehicles(AVs) just around the corner, what can policymakers do to ensure that they arrive safely and smoothly and deliver on their promise?

    The immediate goal is to make sure that AVs are safe without preventing innovation. In America, experimental AVs are allowed on the road in many states as long as the companies operating them accept responsibility. Chris Urmson of Aurora says American regulators have got things right, working closely with AV firms and issuing guidelines rather than strict rules that might prevent the progress of the industry. “It's important that we don't jump to regulation before we actually have something to regulate.” he says.

    On the other hand, Singapore's government has taken the most hands-on approach to preparing for AVs, says Karl Iagnemma of Nutonomy, an AV startup that has tested vehicles in the city-state. For example, it has introduced a “driving test” that AVs must pass before they can go on the road. This does not guarantee safety but sets a minimum standard.

    Elsewhere, regulators have permitted limited testing on public roads but want to see more evidence that the vehicles are safe before going further, says Takao Asami of the Renault issan-Mitsubishi alliance(联盟). “Simple accumulation of mileage(里程) will never prove that the vehicle is safe.” he says. Instead, regulators are talking to car makers and technology firms to develop new safety standards. Marten Levenstam, head of product strategy at Volvo, compares the process to that of developing a new drug. First, you show in the laboratory that it might work; then you run clinical trials in which you carefully test its safety and efficiency; and if they are successful, you ask for regulatory approval to make the drug generally available. Similarly, autonomous cars are currently at the clinical-trial stage, without final approval as yet. It is not possible to prove that a new drug is entirely safe, but the risk is worth taking because of the benefits the drug provides. It will be the same for AVs, he suggests. After all, nowadays human-driven vehicles are hardly risk-free.

阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    Lima, the capital of Peru (秘鲁), has countless museums that tourists can't afford to miss. Now start packing up and prepare for your perfect Peruvian history exploration at these wonderful museums.

    ◆Larco Museum

    Stepping inside, visitors get to learn the 5,000-year history of Peru through an unbelievable collection of objects. The best thing about the museum is that it keeps the door to the storeroom open to visitors so that they can admire its collection closely.

    ◆Gold Museum of Peru

    If you like shiny objects or precious metals, then plan a trip to the Gold Museum of Peru. In ancient times, the Peruvian people were celebrated for their skills in metals. And the museum is aimed at preserving this heritage.

    ◆Lima Art Museum

    Art experts are much pleased as the city is also home to the Lima Art Museum. Its permanent exhibit of over 1, 200 pieces is merely a small part of its amazing collection of more than 17, 000 artifacts. The highlight of the museum is its collection of Carlos Baca-Flor's masterpieces, which is considered to be the most complete set in the world.

    ◆Museum of Italian Art

    The only museum dedicated to European art in Peru, the Museum of Italian Art is a storehouse of classical and contemporary paintings and sculptures belonging to the 20th century. The property is easily accessible by a short walk from the Lima Art Museum.

    ◆Museum of Natural History

    Last but certainly not least is the Museum of Natural History. Giving a glimpse into the rich biodiversity in Peru, the museum has on display the skeletons of a sperm whale and fossils of several mammals.

阅读理解

    Some educators told us that more years of school could help students get higher scores on intelligence tests. That was a finding of a study of teenage males in some countries. Now, another research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes.

    The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic(学术的) subjects like math and reading. The studies appeared between 2008 and 2014. They included more than 55,000 children, aged 6 to 18.

    Amika Singh: "According to the results of our study, we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are, first, Physiological explanations, like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones(荷尔蒙) produced like endorphins(内啡肽). And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better."

    Also, students taking part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work.

    The study leaves some questions unanswered, however Ms Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement. This is because of differences among the studies.

    The researchers said they found only two high­quality studies. They needed more high­quality studies to confirm(证实) their findings. They also pointed out that "results for other parts of the world may be quite different".

    Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. Her paper on "Physical Activity and Performance at School" is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine.

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