题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
浙江省杭州市2017-2018学年高二下学期英语期末统考试卷
Ways to protect eyes from screens
Too much screen time may cause serious eye strain(眼疲劳) and even a sharp decline of eyesight. That's a big problem a lot of people are faced with nowadays, especially those who work on a computer. The following tips may be helpful.
Get regular eye tests.
Experts recommend having a comprehensive eye exam every year to detect (探测) problems before they develop. During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer. Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.
Give your eyes space
Studies on computer-related eye strain suggest that screens should be no closer than 40cm from your face. If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.
Take breaks
This may not always be practical if you're quite busy, but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. While surveys have shown that many office workers take no more than half an hour a day away from their computer, it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen.
Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the “20-20-20 rule” --looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. .
A. Exercise your eyes. B. Give your eyes a chance to rest. C. Make your screen more eye-friendly D. Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness. E. You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work. F. The closer your phone/computer screen is to your eyes, the harder they have to work to focus. G. Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough. |
A. A general sleep rule. B. The importance of sleep. C. A funny sleeping example. D. Different levels of sleep. E. The time we need for sleep. F. Different states of sleep. |
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Sleep, as we know, is important to us because it helps restore tired organs and tissues in our body. But how much sleep do we actually need?
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For most of us, eight hours seems to be about the right amount. Yet we know that there are a great many people who get along perfectly with less sleep and some who may even need more. A great deal depends on the way we live. But a good general rule to follow is to sleep as long as we have to in order to feel happy and be able to work at our best when we are awake.
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There are actually different levels of sleep. There is a deep sleep and a shallow sleep. In a shallow sleep our body does not get the same kind of rest as it gets in a deep sleep, so that after eight hours of a shallow sleep we may still feel tired. But a short deep sleep can be very restful.
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Alexander the Great was able to get a deep sleep whenever he needed it. Once, during the night before an important battle, he remained awake longer than anyone else. Then he wrapped himself in a cloak and lay down on the earth. He slept so deeply that his generals had to wake him three times to give command to attack!
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Normally when we go to sleep, our “ sleep center” blocks off nerves so that both our brain and our body go to sleep. One prevents us form wanting to do anything and the other makes our internal organs and limbs go to sleep. But someone will fall asleep (brain sleep) and keep on marching, because his body is not asleep!
Every time we get behind the wheel of a car, we put our lives and the lives of others at risk. Self-driving cars are designed to reduce those risks by letting technology control our vehicles.
Accident rates for self-driving cars have been much lower than the rate, for human-driven cars. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
As humans, we can make moral choices in avoiding accidents. To avoid hitting a child, for example, human drivers might sharply turn a car away from the child even if others may be injured. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Researchers studied this issue. They have developed the Moral Machine website to help explore the choices self-driving cars should make.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} You are shown two possible traffic situations and you choose between them. An accident will take place. You choose how many living beings would be hurt or killed.
In one situation there may be a female doctor, a child, two dogs and a homeless person who would be killed. In the other situation, you might have two babies and a cat who would be killed. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}
The Moral Machine website has many situations and many possible outcomes. When you click on the situation of your choice, it will be highlighted. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} At the end of the situation, you are shown the results, based on the choices you made. The results show which character you were most likely to save and which character you were most likely to have die.
A. Who should those victims be? B. Then the next situation appears. C. You choose who lives and who dies. D. You can use the Moral Machine to be the judge. E. But what moral choices can self-driving cars make? F. The Moral Machine website lets you choose how you would react in a collision. G. Google's self-driving car has had only 13 collisions after traveling 1.8 million miles. |
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