阅读理解 In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard people fight back. Now s...

题型：阅读选择题类：模拟题难易度：普通

江苏省连云港市2018届九年级下学期英语全真模拟（六）

阅读理解

In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard people fight back.

Now science fiction has become science fact. For the first time, scientists have made a robot that can take a beating (挨打) and keep on going. Scientists from Cornell University made the robot, which looks like a spider with four legs.

Until now, even the most advanced (先进的) robot was almost certain to break down when it was damaged. That is because its computer inside simply doesn't know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed.

To deal with this problem, the scientists put eight motors (发动机) and two sensors (传感器) that read how the machine is working. They all give signals to the machine's software. Using this information, the computer can then figure out the machine's shape at any moment.

The new technology is a big advance in robot-making, scientists say, and it's far from scary. It may someday help scientists create better artificial (假的) arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose them. It might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space.

“It has been difficult to design robots that can work well when the environment changes or when it's damaged,” says Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in US. “With this work, we are nearer to solving this problem.”

（1）、Why do robots easily break down when they are damaged?

A、They cannot repair themselves. B、The computer has changed a lot. C、They have no computers inside. D、The computer cannot work if the robot changes.

（2）、The new technology allows the robot to _________.

A、do house work for humans B、keep working after being damaged C、remember a lot of information D、tell people where it is

（3）、The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________.

A、sensors B、robots C、arms and legs D、scientists

（4）、How do the sensors in the robot work?

A、They can replace the computer when it's broken. B、They can find out where the damage comes from. C、They help the computer learn the robot's condition. D、They can send signals to the person who uses the robot.

（5）、The passage is probably from_____________.

A、a newspaper B、an advertisement C、a tour guide D、an application

举一反三

   Do you know that women's brains are smaller than men's? Normally the women's brain weighs 10% less than men's. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent（聪明的） than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it's what's inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain is made up of “grey matter” and “white matter”. While men have more of the white matter, the amount（数量）of “thinking” brain is almost the same in both men and women.
   It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls may learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of different information at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it's women who come out on top every time.
   There are other important differences between two sexes（性别）. As white matter is the key to spatial（空间的）tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of life's great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions … and women often need to!
   The differences begin when fetuses（胎儿）are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children when they are very young. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would ask for help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.

Some Advice on Travel
1) Forget fashion(时尚)! Always wear your most comfortable clothes when going on long journeys.
2) Traveling on trains and buses can be boring, so take a good book to read.
3) If you're going somewhere cold, remember to put on your warm clothes!
4) If you are going somewhere sunny, remember to bring your sun-block(防晒霜) and sun glasses.
5) Always take a camera with you to capture those special moments.
6) Be careful with your things whenever you go to a busy place, like a train station. There are many thieves there!
7) Most countries have lower prices for students, so if you are a student, take your student card with you.
8) Always leave room in your bag for buying presents on the way home.
9) Bus tours often stop at expensive shops along the way, save your money by buying presents at local shops.
10) If you travel abroad, remember to take your passport. Whatever you do, don't lose it!

    When we talk of plants, most of us will think of things that grow from the ground and have green leaves, but there are plants that do not look or act like other plants. Some of these belong to a special class of plants called fungi.
    Fungi may appear almost everywhere. They commonly grow in wet places where they call get food and water easily. Because fungi do not have green leaves to make their own food, but fungi must take their food from animals, other plants or water. Some fungi live on dead or rotting（腐烂的）wood, while others grow on living trees or in dirt or moss（苔藓）. Mushrooms（蘑茹）are the best-known fungi.
    There are many kinds of mushrooms appearing in all shapes and sizes. For example, cauliflower（菜花）mushrooms are found in forests from July to October．They can grow to be as heavy as fifty pounds! They grow at the foot of trees Squirrel's（松鼠）bread is another kind of wild mushroom Its appearance and use Call explain its name. These fungi look like small golden cakes Squirrels can easily eat them or carry them off to their hole to eat later.
    The mushrooms found in food stores are carefully grown by people who know they are safe to eat. People are warned never to touch of taste wild mushrooms because some of them are deadly. Even less dangerous ones cart still make a person very sick..

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。

Dreams may be more important than sleep. Some people don't need much sleep. But we all need to dream, scientists say.

Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.

Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They could have been thinking about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dream. Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dream.

Dreams can disappear quickly from memory. Too much dreaming can be harmful. The more we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at working when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.

阅读理解

Do you and your friends ever talk about your dreams with each other? If you do, you might have noticed something interesting – some of your friends seldom remember their dreams, but some can always describe their dreams so clearly that it seems like they're describing things that really happened to them. What makes those people different?

The answer is simple. There are two different types of dreamers – low dream recallers（回忆者）and high dream recallers.

Low dream recallers usually remember their dreams only twice a month. But high dream recallers are able to remember them about five mornings a week. And a new study suggests that activity in a certain part of the brain could have something to do with it, reported The Huffington Post.

Perrine Ruby, a French researcher at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, studied 41 people (21 high dream recallers and 20 low dream recallers) and recorded their brain activity.

She found that a part of the brain called the temporo-parietal junction (颞顶联合区) was more active in high dream recallers than in low dream recallers – both when they were sleeping and awake.

This brain area collects and processes（编程）information from the outside world. This means that high dream recallers know more about what's happening around them. For example, when they are awake, they respond (对……有反应) more strongly to hearing their own names, and when they are sleeping, they are woken more easily by sounds and movements.

By closely studying people's brain activities, Ruby found that high dream recallers have twice as much “wakefulness time” during sleep as low dream recallers do. And it is during these short times of wakefulness that the brain remembers dreams.

“The sleeping brain is not able to remember new information,” Ruby told The Washington Post. “It needs to wake up to be able to do that.”

This is not hard to understand. Just try to think of your own sleeping experiences. If you are worried during the night, you are more likely to remember your dreams, but if you sleep well, you will remember little in the morning, and this is because “you never get a chance to remember”, Robert Stickgold, a Harvard Medical School researcher, told The Washington Post.

阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Many people may sometimes wish it could be summer all year round. However, as nice as summer is, we really need the other seasons as well.

Then why do we have different seasons? We know that the Earth spins on its own axis (轴线). This makes day and night. In 24 hours the Earth turns round once. When we are facing the sun, it is day. When we face away, it is night. Simple!

We travel around the sun in a circle. So why does it get colder in winter and hotter in summer? It's because the axis of the Earth is tilted (倾斜的). It means that in summer some places, such as the UK, are leaning towards the ssun. The temperature rises. As the Earth travels around the sun, these places begin to tilt away and the temperature drops. It becomes winter.

This is why when the UK has winter, Australia has summer. Imagine having Christmas dinner on the beach! But not all countries have seasons. Countries near the equator (赤道), the line which goes round the middle of the Earth, don't have different seasons. The weather stays almost the same temperature all the year round. Can you think why this is? The middle doesn't tilt very much, does it? This means the seasons don't change much.

Then what about the North and South Pole? What are the seasons like there? Because they get very far away from the Sun, their seasons are very extreme. There are only two seasons near the North and South Pole: winter and summer. What's more, they only have one sunrise and one sunset a year. It is dark for six months of the year and light for six months of the year. What problems would there be if you had to live somewhere that was dark for six months of the year and light for six months of the year?

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