Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland, is famous for its festivals. There are twelve festivals around the year. Half of them are celebrated during the months of July and August.Thousands of people visit it. Here are some of the events（公开活动）you can enjoy in Edinburgh.

Edinburgh International Festival

The first Edinburgh International Festival was planned during World War II for artists to find hope and communicate with each other. Later, actors, musicians, dancers and singers from all over world came over to give performances.

Edinburgh Festival Fringe

This is one of the largest art festival in the world. There are thousands of shows across the city. It was first held as a supplement（补充）to the Edinburgh International Festival. Then it developed very well. Anyone can perform in the festival and many artists take part in it. During the festival, you can go to the Royal Mile to watch performances for free.

Edinburgh International Book Festival

It began in 1983. It is the largest book festival in the world. It is held every year in Charlotte Square Gardens in the center of Edinburgh. There are over 700 event for kids and adults who love books. You can meet many writers, talk to them or ask them to sign a book. Kids also like it because they can listen to stories and watch artists draw pictures of the stories.

    How do you spend your time at school? Do you know how students in other countries study every day? Here are the studying ways in some western schools.

American Students

    American students spend seven hours in their schools every day. And the day is divided（划分） into classes of about 40 to 50 minutes. Students study English, history, math, science, art and foreign languages. They go to listen to different lessons taught by different teachers in different classrooms. After class they learn job skills. Sometimes they study by working in an office, a hospital or other places one day a week.

German Students

    German students love practicing. Lots of schools have lessons for only half a day. They spend most time practicing. Teachers give students enough freedom. Students may try all kinds of ideas they have. They begin to plan what they will do in the future and work hard at a young age.

French Students

    French students like independence（独立） and freedom. Their school life is very relaxing and interesting. When they have tests, they may have snacks. For example, they can put a few desks together, and put some peanuts （花生）or candies on them.

    It's important to develop the healthy habits in your daily life. The following will help you become healthier and keep perfect shape.

    Eat properly. A healthy diet is very important for everybody. Breakfast is the most important meal in a day. Doctors suggest that students' breakfast should include fruit, eggs, milk, rice or noodles, because these can offer them necessary energy, help them listen carefully in class and keep them healthy. Eat enough for lunch and little for supper. But remember that too much sugar is bad for your teeth and blood. You shouldn't have too many sweet snacks and desserts in your diet, even though such food tastes delicious.

    Keep off germs(病菌). Daily tooth cleaning reduces the amount of germs which will spread diseases. Germs in the mouth arc likely to enter the blood and cause illness, even heart disease. Even if you're not sick, always remember to cough or into your arms instead of your hands because hands can spread germs to others when you touch something else. Besides, washing hands is necessary after going to the toilet or before having a meal. And you'd better rub both hands while washing them.

    Exercise regularly. Regular exercise can improve your moods and balance. What's more, it's good for bones. There are many forms of exercise: walking or running for about 30 minutes a day playing ball games twice or three times a week, swimming or dancing often. You can choose your favorite to practise regularly. You will not only feel energetic but also think better after doing exercise.

    Stay connected. Having regular communication with friends is the key to reducing stress. And sharing happiness and sadness, exchanging information with others can also help improve memory. Having a friend or a circle of friends can help you feel good.

⑴Miss Green: Your English teacher is absent. I'm going to handle this period.

⑵Mr. Smith: Should I get pillows for you to sleep?

⑶Mrs. Black: Tell us why you are laughing. Let the entire class listen to your joke.

⑷Mr. White: Will you also jump into a well if he does?

⑸Mrs. Hayes: Okay, get ready, start writing the test.

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    One of the most famous child stars in the history of films in the United States was the great Shirley Temple. Born on April 23, 1928 in Santa Monica, California, Temple was encouraged by her mother to develop her interest in singing, acting, and dancing. She enrolled young Shirley into a dance school at the age of 3.

    Her first acting experience came while she was still in the dancing school at a very young age. She appeared in a series of short films where child actors were used to play adults. Temple gained valuable acting experience. A Fox Film songwriter's attention was very attracted by the young star, and he introduced her to studio executives. She was signed to do her first film in 1933 at the age of 5. The film Stand Up and Cheer was a big success, and Temple's career began.

    Her career is one of the most remarkable in Hollywood history. She played lots of successful roles as a child actress. She was very mature (成熟的), and talented for someone so young, but by 1942, her films began to flop. Her career was seemingly over by her teen years, and she announced her retirement(退休) in 1950. This did not stop Temple though, as she began a second career as a public servant. In 1967, she was noticed by U.S. Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, he offered her a diplomatic (外交的) position, and she accepted. On February 10, 2014, Shirley Temple passed away at home.

    How do people find theirinner talent (潜力)? British author KennethRobinson talked about this at TED. He told the story of Gillian Lynne, a dancerand a choreographer (编舞者) who has worked on manyfamous musicals (音乐剧).

    Gillian Lynne never didwell in school as a child. She couldn't sit for long and often found herselfmoving restlessly (不安地). Her mother was reallyworried about her. She took Lynne to a doctor and told the doctor the problemsLynne was having in school. Then, the doctor said to Lynne, "I need tospeak to your mother first. Wait here."

    As they left the room,the doctor turned on the radio. He then said to Lynne's mother, "Juststand and watch her." Later they found Lynne start dancing to the music onthe radio.

    The doctor then turnedto Lynne's mother and said, "Mrs. Lynne, your daughter isn't sick. She's adancer. Take her to a dance school."

    So the mother did. Lynnefound there were many people like her in the new dance school. They all had tomove their bodies to think. Lynne later went to the Royal Ballet School (皇家芭蕾学校) one of the world's greatest dance schools, and became a greatdancer, she worked on some of the most successful musicals in history, such asCats and Phantom of the Opera (《歌剧魅影》). It is hard to believethat years ago, somebody else would just put her on medication (药物治疗) and tell her to calm down.