阅读理解 Green spaces within and around city schools improve the mental development of young children, a study ha...

题型：阅读理解题类：常考题难易度：困难

福建省宁德市部分一级达标中学2017-2018学年高二下学期英语期中联考试卷

阅读理解

Green spaces within and around city schools improve the mental development of young children, a study has found. The findings may partly be explained by reduced exposure to traffic pollution, experts believe. Other influences could include the psychological effect of having views of fields and trees rather than roads and buildings.

The Spanish researchers found each degree of increase in surrounding greenness led to a 5% improvement in the development of short-term, or working memory over a period of one year. It also improved the progress of "superior working memory”—the ability to update memories. with changing information—by 6%，and reduced inattentiveness. Computer analysis suggested that carbon from traffic might account for up to 65% of the trend.

The researchers carried out mental performance tests on 2, 593 children attending 36 primary schools in Barcelona every three months for a year. Over the study period, participants' working memory increased by an average of 22.8%, and superior working memory by 15.2%, while inattentiveness decreased by 18. 9%.

The researchers wrote, "Approximately one half of the world population lives in cities, and by 2030, three in five persons will live in urban areas worldwide, Urban areas are a network of non-natural built-up structures with increased pollutant levels and less green environments. Children's exposure to these pollutants has been associated with harmful impacts on their mental development. Our findings suggest a beneficial impact of greens paces exposure on mental development. "

British experts said the study was interesting, but pointed out some limitations. Professor Andy Jones, from Norwich medical school, said, “The measure of green space used was the number of plants in the neighborhoods of the children and their schools. It was not a direct measure of usable green spaces, like public parks, although they will be included. " Dr Ross Cameron, at the University of Sheffield, said, “The authors suggest a causal link between air quality and green space. They admit, however, that this factor only seems to explain part of their correlations(相互关系), ”

（1）、The Spanish researchers' study shows that the increase in surrounding greenness

A、made students become fond of studying . B、developed students' level of intelligence C、could change students' habit of memorizing D、developed students' ability to update information

（2）、What is most related to the findings according to the computer analysis?

A、Architectural design. B、Less exposure to traffic pollution. C、Psychological effect of seeing green fields. D、A decrease in the number of buildings and roads.

（3）、According to the fourth paragraph, the researchers stressed .

A、the variety of future cities B、the uncertainty of the city population C、the importance of protecting the environment D、the necessity of increasing green spaces in cities

（4）、British experts' attitude towards the study is

A、positive B、objective C、doubtful D、uncaring

举一反三

阅读理解

Alpacas(羊驼) are members of the camel family, having lived in South America for thousands of years. Their fur gives the animals a teddy bear_like appearance. Alpacas are too small to be used as animals of burden but are valued only for their fur. Generally, their lifespan is around 15 to 20 years.

Alpacas are social animals that live in family groups made up of a male, females and their young. They are gentle, elegant, curious, intelligent and observant. They are safe and pleasant to be around, moving gracefully and slowly around the field, and are therefore unlikely to run into or over anyone, even small children. Occasionally, an alpaca will spit snd kick, but the soft padded(有爪垫的) feet usually do little more than just“get your attention”.

Because these animals are environmentally friendly and need so little grass and food, you can usually raise from two to eight alpacas on an acre of land with grass or hay. A single, 60 pound bale(大捆) of hay can generally feed a group of about 20 alpacas for one day. Alpacas also require access to plenty of fresh water to drink.

Alpaca fur is used for making knittedd and woven(编织) items, just as sheep's wool is. These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles(针织品) in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world. The fur comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia and 16 as classified in the United States.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案，并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

阅读理解

The National Air and Space Museum in Washington，DC has thousands of objects on display，including the 1903 Wright Flyer，Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St．Louis，the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia，and a lunar rock you can touch．In addition to our exhibition galleries，you may want to visit the Albert Einstein Planetarium，Lockheed Martin IMAX Theater，and the Public Observatory on the east end．There are many things to do at the Museum in DC．We offer daily tours and educational activities for both children and adults．We also have scheduled lectures and events throughout the year．

Hours & Admission：Open every day except December 25．Admission is free．

Regular hours：10：00 am to 5：30 pm

Extended Hours：10：00 am to 7：30 pm

December 26-30，2016

March 30-April 20，2017

Fridays and Saturdays，April 24-May 16，2017

May 17-September 7，2017

VISITING TIPS：

Limit the Number of Bags：All visitors are screened through metal detectors upon entry．The fewer items you bring inside the Museum，the faster your entry．Before you visit，please review the list of prohibited items，which include pocket knives and tripods（三脚架）．Visitors carrying prohibited items will not be allowed inside the museum，so please leave them at home or in your car．

No food and Drink：Only bottled water is permitted in the Museum．You may only consume food and other drinks in the Food Court，not in the Museum．Groups who bring food are encouraged to picnic on the National Mall．

Please Take Photos：You are welcome to take photos for personal use．However，tripods and monopods（单脚架） are not permitted without approval．

First Aid：The Museum has a First Aid office and a nurse on duty．Please contact the nearest security officer or the Welcome Center for assistance．

Visit the Welcome Center：At our Welcome Center in the South Lobby，staff and volunteers can answer any questions you have during your visit．

Phone：202-633-2214

E-mail：NASM-VisitorServices@si．edu

阅读理解American Country Music
   Over the past twenty years, American country music has become more and more popular. Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA—money, success or expensive things to buy. Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on.
   In the 1950s, American music was about other things, for example, love—getting or losing a boyfriend or girlfriend. Money was also thought to be important.
   Then in the 1960s, song writers turned to other subjects. During these years many young students were angry with society, so songs were often full of anger. Political leaders were not well thought of and those songs often made fun of them.
   Today country music has returned. It has become big business and brings in between 200 and 400 million dollars a year. Once, the home of American country music was Nashville, Tennessee. Now, however, the music has reached all parts of the States, from Los Angeles in the west to New York in the east. Singers do not just come from the States but from all over the world. There are many famous singers from Britain, Canada and Australia. A lot of them appear on television too.
   The first country singers sang while playing the guitar. It was easy for them to carry a guitar on their travels. Now, however, a lot of electrical equipment is needed for large theatres.
   Country music today remains much the same as before. One subject to which country music often returns is “the good old days”. In “the good old days” people thought well of each other. People loved life in the open air. They believed that the best things in life were free: sunshine, laughing, walks in the beauty of the country, friends and music.

阅读理解

What makes a sense of humor is a difficult thing to tell. Different people find different things funny, and what may seem hilarious to some, will be highly rude to others. However, having some kind of sense of humor is important for reducing stress and getting along with others. Therefore, it's important to think about ways to improve your sense of humor.

Look for the funny side of situations. While it can be difficult at times to find the funny side in unfortunate events when you're having a bad day, try to think about how the situation might look like to other people, and attempt not to get too angry. Laughing over minor accidents, trips and falls will help you in preventing the loss of temper that you will regret later.

Learn some basic jokes. Some people find it hard to remember jokes, and feel left out when others are telling them. It's worth trying to learn a few jokes that you can pull out the bag when you need to, or regularly think about how you can turn a funny situation that occurs in daily life into an entertaining anecdote(趣闻) for later.

Look at joke or humor cards. There are many different kinds of funny cards available, which can be a great inspiration for finding ways to improve your sense of humor. Giving an appropriate funny card to friends and family on the right occasion will show that you have a good sense of humor and are thinking about them.

Learn from friends. Look at friends that you think have a great sense of humor. How do they deal with situations, and what kind of jokes do they make? Is there anything you can take away from their actions?

阅读理解

I believe children have a very pure sense of humor. Well, I would like to share my experiences with you.

The other day when I was out with a friend and her daughter Jane at a restaurant, Jane ordered an apple dessert, which was the most attractive dish in that restaurant. However, when she had a bite of the pie, she shouted loudly, "Mom, why does it look good but tastes like rubber?" My friend was uneasy. Then the waiter gave us another dish.

A child can say funny things. I was at a friend's home for tea and her son, Mark, wanted her to get up. His mom replied, "I can't, because my foot has fallen asleep now." Little Mark then sang a song and asked, "Mom, will it wake up now?" We laughed together.

The other day we were having an interesting conversation over lunch and my friend, an animal activist (积极分子) , was arguing with another group member. Her son Tommy suddenly stood up, “Mom, people should never be allowed to shoot extinct animals!” That was funny and the child did manage to turn the argument into a pleasant conversation.

Well, children sometimes really surprise us. I think we can have a lot to learn from them. They can help us understand the simple world through their eyes.

阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。

Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard, maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase "calm before the storm", often used in a situation—a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists have to say.

A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm—a single-cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main updraft, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.

As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum (真空) coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapour (水蒸汽) in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on larger particles like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.

This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air gets spit out (被挤出) at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.

Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm,让 might be really windy!

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