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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京市第四中学2017-2018学年高二下学期英语第一次月考试卷

阅读理解

Venom(毒液)from a local scorpion(蝎子)in Cuba is being used by Cuban scientists as an effective weapon to fight cancer. The venom, with stopping pain, anti-inflammatory (炎症) and anti-cancer properties, is the active ingredient in the medicine “Vidatox 30 CH“ which can be used to treat liver, brain, lung and other cancers. The treatment has been successfully used for more than four years in humans after being first tested in biological models. Labiofam, a Cuban laboratory, has breeding(繁殖)centers for both the Red Scorpion and Blue Scorpion. Each month, some 30,000 scorpions in Las Minas town, 270 km east of Havana are made to give the venom. After two years, the scorpions are released back into their natural habitat.

Denyer Sanchez, a biologist from Labiofam, explained that the conditions are adjusted for reproduction, proved by the high number of breeding female scorpions. He said when the offspring(后代)becomes able to live in the environment, we release them because they do not have the necessary size yet to remove their venom, said Sanchez. Sanchez also said that there is still much to research on the exploitation process of scorpions, such as female death rate or the ability to survive of the released scorpions.

Cuban research on the scorpion's venom began at the end of 1980s in Guantanamo province, the island's eastern tip, where a group of biologists and doctors became interested in the stories told by the peasants about the venom's benefits. However,the first discovery was made by Cuban biologist Misael Bordier. In 2001, Bordier visited Mexico's National Autonomous University (UNAM) and presented the research progress in a professional journal. Bordier died in 2005, one year before Cuba's Industrial Property Office gave Labiofam the rights to exploit the patent related to the venom.

(1)、How are the scorpions dealt with after their venom has been taken for two years?
A、Their bodies are used to make medicines. B、They are bred in the laboratory for research. C、They are raised to give birth to the offspring. D、They are set free into their natural habitat.
(2)、What can we infer from the passage about the research on scorpions?
A、The UN provided fund for the research team. B、There is still much to study in detail. C、The achievements will benefit animals. D、Many scientists doubt about the result of the research.
(3)、What can we learn about Bordier in the last paragraph?
A、He was given the rights to exploit the patent. B、He began his research at the beginning of the twenty-first century. C、He put forward the research progress in a professional journal. D、He was a peasant who told the stories about the venom's benefits.
(4)、What does this passage mainly talk about?
A、The various uses of scorpions in Cuba. B、Cuban biologists' research on strange diseases. C、Suitable conditions for Cuban scorpions to breed. D、Cuban scorpion venom's effect on fighting cancer.
举一反三
阅读理解

    A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin (顽童) was walking around the shining car. “Is this your car, Paul?” he asked.

    Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised. "You mean your brother gave it to you and it cost you nothing? Boy, I wish…"He hesitated.

    Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He wished he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.

    “I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?” “Oh yes, I'd love that.”

    After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said. “Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?”

    Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.

    He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast.

    He was carrying his little. crippled (残疾) brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.

    “There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it… Then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas window that I've been trying to tell you about.”

    Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his cat. The shining-eyed elder brother climbed in and three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.

阅读理解

    The first ancient Olympic Games for which we still have written records were held in 776 BC. Coroebus won the only event at the Olympics. This made him the very first Olympic champion in history. Then they grew and continued to be played every four years. In 393 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius Ⅰ, a Christian, announced to end the Games because of their pagan (异教的) influences.

    About 1,500 years later, a young Frenchman named Pierre de Coubertin began their revival (恢复). In 1892 Coubertin first brought forward his idea to revive the Olympic Games but failed.

    Two years later, Coubertin organized a meeting with 79 delegates (代表) who represented nine countries. At this meeting he got what he wanted. All the delegates at the conference voted for the Olympic Games. They also decided to have Coubertin set up an international committee to organize the Games. This committee became the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Demetrious Vikelas from Greece was selected to be its first president. Athens was chosen for the revival of the Olympic Games and the planning was begun.

    The very first modern Olympic Games opened in the first week of April, 1896. Since the Greek government had been unable to afford a stadium, a rich Greek architect, Georgios Averoff, donated one million drachmas (over $100,000) to repair the Panathenaic Stadium, originally built in 330 BC.

    Since the Games were not well publicized internationally, contestants (选手) were not nationally chosen but rather came individually and at their own expense. Some contestants were tourists who happened to be in the area during the Games.

阅读理解

    Drive through any suburb in the U.S. Today, and it's hard to miss the recycling bins that have become companions to America's trash cans. Recycling has become common, as people recognize the need to care for the environment. Yet most people's recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles, and cans. People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of e-waste.

    E-waste rapidly increases as the techno- fashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices, and the majority of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地). Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs, VCRs, computers, cell phones, and other electronics every year. Unless we can find a safe replacement, this e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic. Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.

     However, e-waste often contains reusable silver, gold, and other electrical materials. Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals, which can destroy ecosystems.

    A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping e-waste. Still, less than a quarter of this waste will reach lawful recycling programs. Some companies advertising safe disposal in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries, where it still ends up in landfills. These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out- of- sight, out- of- mind location.

    However, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e- waste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all.

阅读理解

    City: Hangzhou

    Launched: 2008

    Size: 2,965 stations/ 69,750 bikes

    Price: $32.61 deposit(押金)+ time charge

    While taking a look at this city, you may see the best bike sharing in the world. As the second on the planet by size, the Hangzhou Public Bicycle System is one of the most common and useful shares, largely because it's combined with public transportation: a single card can be used in subway, bus, taxi and bike sharing. Residents and tourists can put down a deposit of 200 Chinese Yuan (about $33)and ride for an hour for free in this scenic city. Each additional hour costs only $0.15. It was also the first new﹣generation bike﹣sharing system in China. By 2020 it's projected to have 175,000 bikes.

    City: Barcelona

    Launched: 2007

    Size: 420 stations/ 6,000 bikes

    Price: $61.93 per year

    Barcelona's Bicycling Program developed Spain's bike﹣sharing business in a big way. This program took off like wildfire on wheels, and because four times bigger in one year. It inspired different copycat programs all over the country. Today, Spain has 132 bike﹣sharing systems. The program is one of the world's most respected and popular shares. But it is only open to residents and tourists are not allowed to use it.

    City: Paris

    Launched: 2007

    Size: 1,751 stations/ 23,900 bikes

    Price: $38.52 per year/ $2.26 per day

    Paris's bike﹣sharing is the star of the world. Launched in 2007, it is the world's largest outside of China. Cheap by American standards, you can ride around Paris on a €1.7 day pass— the first half hour of each trip is free. Because this system covers the city with an average of 50 stations per square mile, it's a favourite with both locals and tourists.

阅读理解

    We all carry fear, and accepting the type of fear you carry is the first step in punishing past it. So, here's a breakdown of the fear archetypes(典型) and how to make them work for you. We also invited Dr. Alicia Hodge to give us her feedback in a few of them.

    The procrastinator(拖延症患者)

    The procrastinators often obsess(痴迷于) over the outcome of whatever they're doing and insist on it being perfect. Because of this, they tend to spend too much time planning and researching instead of simply diving in.

    For procrastinators, it's important to push past that fear of starting. Hodge suggests setting a deadline for when your planning and researching period will end and when you'll actually get started.

    The people pleaser

    Those who have the people-pleaser archetype struggle with the fear of being judged and worry most about disappointing others. They have a hard time setting clear boundaries and saying "no."

    "Having boundaries often sounds scary to someone who is used to putting others first" Hodge says. "Remind yourself that you deserve to be prioritized, just as much as other people in your life."

    The self-doubter

    This archetype is dominated by the fear of not being good enough, those who self-doubt tend to feel not confident about their capabilities.

    A good way to overcome self-doubt is to step outside your comfort zone every once in a while – and take note of the outcome. Practice being proactive about your life, you'll be surprised to see just how much you are capable of.

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