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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

安徽省亳州市2018届高三上学期英语期末质量检测试卷

阅读理解

    Dry Ice is a unique substance which has many uses. Essentially, dry ice is frozen CO2. The first report of what we now call dry ice came from the French chemist Charles Thilorier in 1834. In 1924, the Drylee Corporation of America named the solid form of CO2 as "Dry Ice", which is what it is popularly called today.

    At normal atmospheric pressure, CO2changes directly from solid to gas. It skips the liquid phase(阶段)which makes regular ice wet. Frozen CO2is also much colder than regular ice. But regular ice freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, CO2 changes from gas to solid at -109.3 degrees Fahrenheit. This extremely cold temperature makes it very dangerous to handle with bare hands. It can cause frostbite in a very short period of time.

    Dry ice has been used for a variety of purposes throughout the past century. Its primary use is to refrigerate food when electrical refrigeration isn't available. Through the process of sublimation (when CO2 changes from solid to gas), it can maintain cold food for a long time.

    If you've ever been to a play and seen heavy fog on the ground, it is likely that you have seen dry ice in action. This effect can be achieved because CO2 is heavier than air, so evaporated (挥发的)CO2 will sink and accumulate on the ground.

    Another interesting use for this substance is to bait(诱杀)insects like mosquitoes. These insects have sensors which guide them to CO2. They find the high concentration of CO2 in dry ice quite attractive.

    Mars has long been a mystery for human beings. We have been looking for evidence of life on Mars. In the 1960s scientists guessed that the polar ice cap of Mars was made of frozen CO2. More recent observations have shown that while the topmost layer consists of frozen CO2, the most of it is probably regular frozen water.

(1)、Frozen CO2 gets its name of "Dry Ice" mainly because      .
A、it is very easy to make it dry B、we can't melt it and it doesn't get wet C、it looks like ice at a low temperature D、it is solid like ice at -109.3 degrees Fahrenheit
(2)、The underlined word "frostbite" in the second paragraph probably means      .
A、the shakes caused by cold B、damage caused by freezing C、a fever caused by being cold D、a sharp pain caused by bums
(3)、According to the passage, dry ice can be used to      .
A、freeze most of food in the next century B、increase the production of farming C、make a vivid fog effect on stages D、help to improve the environment
(4)、What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A、Dry ice on Mars is near the polar. B、Not much dry ice has been found on Mars. C、The polar ice cap of Mars is unique. D、No frozen CO, on Mars can be melt.
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    We're always looking for well­written reviews of books, music, movies, television shows, websites, video games and other products. When writing a review, concentrate on exactly what you liked or didn't like. Give examples of strengths and weaknesses,be descriptive and provide background information on an author,director,actor or musician,if possible. Find professional reviews in magazines or newspapers and see how reviewers deal with their topics,but be sure to express your own voice in your review.

    Grammar Hint for Reviews:When describing a book,movie, album or anything else,use the present tense.

Book Reviews

    Discuss an author's technique,strengths and weaknesses instead of focusing on the plot. Does the story flow? Is there a strong sense of character and place?Did you stay up until dawn to finish it?Is it good reading for teenagers?What influence did it have on you and why?If you've read other books by the same author, discuss how this book compares.

Movie Reviews

    Think of the major Oscar categories and consider the performances, music, lighting and setting, etc. Do these work together? Did some hold up while others didn't? If the movie is based on a book, discuss whether one is better than the other and why. If the movie is a remake, compare the film to its original.

    Remember that a well­written movie review should discuss strengths and weaknesses. Some readers may not have seen a movie yet, so don't give away an exciting scene or the ending!

College Reviews

    Begin by providing an overview of the college,including location,size and a description of the campus and/or dorm life. Think about all aspects of your college visit. What academic,athletic and after­class programs are available? What are the students like? What makes the college different from others? Every school has strengths and weaknesses. Be objective. Consider what the school has to offer and who might enjoy or benefit the most from attending there.

阅读理解

    One of the most firmly established idea of manliness is that a real man doesn't cry. Although he might shed a tear at a funeral, he is expected to quickly regain control. Sobbing openly is for girls. One study found that women cry significantly more than men do—five times as often, on average, and almost twice as long per period.

    Historically, however, men routinely wept, and no one saw it as shameful. For example, in the Middle Ages, knights cried purely because they missed their girlfriends. In The Knight of the Cart, no less a hero than Lancelot weeps at a brief separation from Guinevere. There's no mention of the men in these stories trying to restrain or hide their tears. They cry in a crowded hall with their heads held high. Nor do their companions make fun of this public crying; it's universally regarded as an admirable expression of feeling.

    So where did all the male tears go? The most obvious possibility is that this shift is the result of changes as we moved from an agricultural society to one that was urban(城市的) and industrial. In the Middle Ages, most people spent their lives among those they had known since birth. If men cried, they did so with people who would sympathize. But from the 18th to 20th centuries, the population became increasingly urbanize, and people were living in the midst of thousands of strangers. Furthermore, changes in the economy required men to work together in factories and offices where emotional expressions and even private conversations were discouraged as time wasting.

    Yet human beings weren't designed to swallow their emotions, and there's reason to believe that holding back tears can be harmful to your well-being. Research from the 1980s has suggested a relationship between stress-related illnesses and inadequate crying. Weeping is also, somewhat related with happiness and wealth. Countries where people cry the most tend to be richer and more confident.

阅读理解

    After disappearing for over 19 years, measles (麻疹) is making a comeback in America. Since January 2019, the disease has infected more than 700 people, mostly small children, and the number seems to be increasing daily.

    Measles is an infectious disease that typically begins with a high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. Many people also lose their appetites and feel sleepy. About three to four days after the symptoms start, the person breaks out into a rash (皮疹) that begins on the face at the hairline and then spreads to the neck and the rest of the body.

    In healthy people, the recovery, which takes between two to three weeks, starts soon after the rash begins. However, for about 40 percent of patients ­ mainly kids under the age of five or older adults ­ the disease often leads to pneumonia (肺炎), which, if left untreated, could result in death.

    The recent outbreak is thought to have been caused by travelers picking up the virus in a country where the disease is still existing and exposing it to an unvaccinated (未接种的) community in the US. In New York, it was carried back by someone who had recently visited Israel, which is currently undergoing a significant measles, while in Washington, "patient zero" was infected by a type that is currently circulating in Europe.

    To limit the spread of the disease before it gets out of hand, US health officials are attempting to educate communities with high rates of unvaccinated children. They are also urging adults to consult with their physicians and get injected if considered necessary by the doctor.

    Hopefully, health officials worldwide will be able to convince parents that vaccinating their children will protect, not harm, them.

 语法填空

Recently, the box office darling in China, titled A Little Red Flower, {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (become) a hit.It is a love story about a young couple{#blank#}2{#/blank#} (suffer) from cancer and the stress it puts on their families. The movie star Jackson Yee, {#blank#}3{#/blank#} performance in Better Days(2019)was thought highly of, has impressed countless viewers.

Han Yan, the director and scriptwriter of A Little Red Flower, says that his new film is intended{#blank#}4{#/blank#} the audience who need a spiritual guide or support, "I don't want to{#blank#}5{#/blank#} (simple) show how much pain people are in after they fall ill or how they toss and turn in bed, unable to fall asleep. Movies, should be able to give viewers psychological consolation(安慰), "he says.

By showing the steely{#blank#}6{#/blank#} (determine) of cancer patients and their families in facing one of life's biggest{#blank#}7{#/blank#} (challenge), Han hopes viewers who comparatively have little{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (worry) about can realize that they should stop complaining and be grateful for being alive.

"I have watched many movies about the pursuit of dreams, but as I get older I feel the{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (difficult) thing in the world is to stay alive, " he says "Every day{#blank#}10{#/blank#} extreme version of staying alive. "

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