题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
北京市海淀区2018届高三上学期英语期中考试试卷
A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?
Avoiding temptation (诱惑)is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.
The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower—at least to a point.
Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.
The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach» Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don't try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.
Many questions about the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research. Yet it seems likely that with clear goals, good self-monitoring and a little practice, you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation.
The Guggenheim Museum attempts to help educators connect students with art. It offers programs for educators, including free arts curricula, professional development courses and workshops, as well as professional meet and greets that pair artists with public school teachers throughout New York City.
Visiting with your students
The museum offers a variety of ways for educators and their students to visit, from self-guided tours to a guided experience.
Guggenheim Museum Highlights | Perfect for first-time visitors, the Highlights Tour focuses on the museum's innovative architecture, history, and permanent collection. |
Special Exhibition | This tour offers an opportunity to engage in a lively, in-depth exploration of one of our special exhibitions. Learn about the artistic processes and movements behind some of the most revolutionary artists of the modern and contemporary age. |
Custom Tour | Tour can be customized to accommodate a variety of interests, learning styles and subject matter. Our gallery educators can create a one-of-a-kind experience tailored to your group's needs. |
Lecturer's Badge | Conduct a group tour of up to 20 people. |
Arts curriculum online
The Guggenheim produces free curriculum materials on exhibitions for educators to use both during school visits and in the classroom. While the material focuses on recent exhibitions, a comprehensive range of lessons cover many works and artists in the museum's collection.
Learning through Art
Learning Through Art sends experienced teaching artists into New York City public schools, where they work with classroom teachers to develop and facilitate art projects into the school curriculum.
Education facilities
Housed in the Sackler Center for Arts Education, the Guggenheim's education facilities include studio art and multimedia labs, a theater, an exhibition gallery, and a conference room.
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