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    Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation--their young trees?

    Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist at the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Simard and her colleagues have made the major discovery that trees and plants really do communicate and interact with each other.

    Trees live on through their group work and support, passing around the resources such as nitrogen and carbon “depending on who needs it by miles of underground fungi（真菌） networks. This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元） in our brains, and when one tree is cut down, it affects all.

Simard talks about "Mother Trees". These are the largest, oldest trees that rise above the forest, a concept explained in the movie Avatar. These “Mother Trees" are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down "Mother Trees" without paying attention to these highly complex "tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are losing the chances to save the whole forest.

    "We didn't take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly. “Mother Trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them a chance.” If we could send this message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

    This is a home of the future, a "smart home", where technology can do almost everything. Imagine we are in the year 2050, ①the computer wakes Tom up in themorning as usual. In front of him is a to-do list of the important events for the day, and it is provided by the computer too. According to Tom's request, the computer serves a list of possible dishes. All the dishes are nice.

    As Tom eats breakfast, the computer reminds him to reply to Lucy. Before Tom finishes his next bite, Lucy's computer receives the message. Then Tom goes to the supermarket. The store's system checks his car when he drives to the pickup area and greets him by name. "Good morning, Tom! Your order is in Case4. Thank you for shopping.'' When Tom removes his order from Case 4, all trades are completed automatically(自动地)over the information superhighway. That is, the money is electronically paid into the bank. Soon after arriving at the office, Tom reads another message from Lucy, telling him that she will go to dinner with him.

    The smart home can also do many other things:

    ◆Find things like keys and mobile phones.

    ◆②        (打开或关闭)machines and lights with your voice.

    ◆Clean your home from clothes to buildings automatically.

    ◆Record everything and everyone entering and leaving the house.

    ◆Take care of each member of the family, young or old.

    ③With the development of technology, the smart home will come true in the future. It is sure to play an important part in our life.

    Do you know the whales in the sea? There are many relatives(亲属) in the whale family and they always live together with whales.

    Few people know dolphins(海豚) are part of the whale family. Dolphins are not fish. They are mammals(哺乳动物). They breathe air, and they have babies and feed them with milk. Dolphins are famous for their wonderful shows. They can jump high out of the water and show turns in the air. These jumps give the dolphins time to breathe.

    Porpoises(鼠海豚) are also in the whale family and are quite like dolphins. But they are different in the size and shape of the mouth. The dolphin's mouth is long and thin, but the porpoise's is short and thick. Dolphins are also more talkative than porpoises. Dolphins make sounds to talk with each other under water. But porpoises do not do this. Both of them are smart and friendly to humans.

    Not all the members of the whale family are friendly. Big whales are much easier to be angry than smaller dolphins or porpoises. An angry whale can be dangerous. Perhaps this helped to create the story of Moby Dick that sank (使下沉) a ship and made all the people on it die in the sea.

    Every day there is less and less space on Earth for rubbish. Yet every day we make more and more rubbish. What can we do? We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.

    Recycling helps Earth. And it saves space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we put into landfills could be recycled instead. In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can be recycled.

    Paper can be broken into small pieces and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum cans(金属雄)can be melted down(熔化)and made into new cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can be done over and over again. Recycling doesn't take as much energy as making these things the first time. So we can use less of Earth's fuel resources.

    Plastic can be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into park benches, playgrounds and so on. Some people call plastic the "wood" of the future. Things made of plastic will last about 400 years-even if they stay outside in the weather. No wood can do that!

    Almost every Chinese can recite the famous poem, "Every grain on the plate comes from hard work(谁知盘中餐, 粒粒皆辛苦)."But sadly, many of us don't actually get the real meaning of these lines：Don't waste food.

    A CCTV programme, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.

    Do we have too much food? No, according to the UN World Food Programme, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries.6 million children die of hunger every year.

    Chinese people are well-known for being generous. Many even feel that they will lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table.

    Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. In November, 2011, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, became famous because she took some leftover(剩余的)food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and agreed that it was not right to waste food.

    What should we do in our daily lives to save food? Here are some tips：

    Do not order too much in a restaurant. Only order what you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.

    Don't be too picky(挑剔的)about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it.

    Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don't buy too much, especially vegetables and fruit.

    How do you deal with plastic bags from the supermarket? Throw them away or recycle them? How about eating them?

    The bags are not harmful to the environment. Humans and animals can safely eat them. Indian company EnviGreen has made a bag with natural materials. It looks and feels just like plastic, but can be broken down(分解) easily.

    Ashwath Hedge who set up the EnviGreen company spent four years doing experiments (实验) with 12 natural materials. They include potatoes, corn, vegetable oil and bananas. He made the materials into liquid(液体) and used the liquid to make the bag.

    Although the EnviGreen bag is more expensive than a common plastic bag, it has many advantages. According to The Wall Street Journal, it takes 1,000 years for common plastic bags to break down. But an EnviGreen bag can naturally break down in less than 180 days. It also breaks down in less than a day in water, and in less than a minute in boiling water. Hedge was happy to show it in his interview, and he put an EnviGreen bag in water and ate it with a smile.

    There are more than 15,000 tons of plastic waste in India every day. But only 9,000 tons are processed. In China, 3 billion plastic bags are used

    Every day. Maybe the EnviGreen bag could be a solution to the world problem of plastic pollution,