阅读理解Have you ever wondered why we say maidongxi（卖东西）instead of mainanbei, shangcesuo（上厕所）instead of xiacesuo, and yijianxiangzuo（意见相左）instead of yijianxiangyou? Many Chinese words have directions in them, and there is lots of history and culture hidden behind.
East or West
When going shopping, Chinese people say maidongxiinstead of mainanbei. A theory says that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang'an, the national capital at the time. One was called the East Market, and the other was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market. As time went by, people started to describe shopping as maidongxi.
Up or down
We use shangcesuoto mean "go to the bathroom" and xiachufangto mean "go to the kitchen". Why? In ancient times, houses were laid out （布局）in a certain way. The gate of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part. On maps, north is usually at the top while south is at the bottom. In Chinese, we talk about the north as shangand the south as xia. So people would say they're going up to the bathroom and down to the kitchen.
Ancient Chinese not only used shangand xiato refer to （指代）directions but also social positions. For example, people used huangshangto refer to the emperor and dianxiato refer to princes who had a lower position than the emperor.
Left or right
Most people today are right-handed. They feel uncomfortable if they try to use their left hand to write or use chopsticks. This was true in old times as well. So in ancient China, "left" was related to （与……有关联）being different, such as in yijianxiangzuo. If people don't accept common beliefs （信念）, we still say they are following ____.
When shaking hands, it's important to know which hand to use. In most cultures, the right hand is generally used for a handshake. For example, in some countries, such as India and Nepal, the left hand is considered unclean. However, if you are in a culture where the left hand is used, you'd better do as the locals do.
"Left" and "right" also have something to do with people's social position. For a long time in ancient China, "right" stood for higher position than "left". For example, the character "佑", developed from "右", means a person in a higher position would protect someone in a lower position.
