题型：阅读选择 题类： 难易度：普通
浙江省义乌市绣湖中学2024-2025学年九年级上学期9月月考英语试卷
①Why do we do the things we do? What drives our behavior? Researchers have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation (动机), including looking at whether motivation comes from outside or inside a person.
②Extrinsic(外来的) motivation is when you decide to do something because you want to get a reward or avoid punishment. Intrinsic (内在的) motivation is when you do something because you find it enjoyable. The behavior itself is its own reward.
③There are many advantages of intrinsi c motivation. Firstly, it's lasting. It makes people willing to face challenges and work hard to achieve their goals. Besides, people with intrinsic motivation have a greater sense of satisfaction.
④Most people think intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person has an unpleasant task and he may not have internal(内部的) wish to complete it. That's when we need extrinsic motivation. But studies have shown that offering too many external (外部的) reward can reduce intrinsic motivation. For example, in a study, they became less interested in the toys.
⑤Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that traditional education pays too much attention to external rewards, such as grades. This undermines the intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivation can help students feel more knowledgeable in class. It helps to build up their intrinsic motivation.
⑥Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people complete tasks and improve their learning.
How would you like your very own scarecrow(稻草人)? You can make one out of some old boards(木板). You can use it to scare away birds in your garden. You can also put a scarecrow near your front door to give visitors a big surprise! Here are what you will need: ·an adult helper; ·seven boards(each 10 cm wide): one 160 cm long; three 50cm long; one 30 cm long; two 60 cm long. ·a hammer and nails; ·safety pins; ·a pen; ·a shirt; a long skirt; gloves and boots; a hat and a pillow; |
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hammer |
nails |
safety pins |
pillow |
boots | |
Step 1: Lay the boards on the ground. Make the shape. You will have two arm pieces left over. You will add them later. Step 2: Ask an adult to nail(固定) the pieces together. Step 3: Put the shirt on. Ask an adult to nail one arm piece to the shoulder. Then put on the gloves. Do the same with the other arm. Step 4: Put on the skirt. Step 5: Nail the pillow on top as the head. Draw eyes, a nose and a mouth on it. Step 6: Stand the body up and put it where you want. Step 7: Put the hat on and then put the boots under the skirt so it looks like it has feet. | |||||
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