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  • 题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:困难

    试题来源:辽宁省部分学校2023-2024学年高二下学期6月份阶段考英语试卷

     阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    When it comes to architectural accomplishments, humans like to think they stand at the top. That is to underestimate the astonishing achievement s of social insects; for example, white ants raise skyscraping nests. The true master builders of the insect world, however, are the hundreds of species of stingless bees.

    In a new study, Ms. Di Pietro and her colleagues observed over 400 colonies of the stingless bee species in a large bee house in Brazil in 2022 and 2023. Around 95% of the colonies exhibited honeycombs(a structure made by bees) built up in horizontal layers(水平分层), like tiered wedding cakes, while the rest adopted a spiral(螺旋的) structure.

    Since the stingless bee shows a strong preference for a horizontal-layer honeycomb structure, it's surprising that spiral honeycombs occur. The team confirmed that there was no difference in the average cell-building rate between the two styles, and therefore no efficiency advantage.

    In order to rule out a genetic explanation for the different styles, the researchers transplanted workers from colonies that built in one tradition to colonies that built in the other, having first emptied the host structures of their native adults. The imported workers soon switched to the local style, which was then continued by the colony's young insects as they eventually matured into workers.

    Dr. Tom Wenseleers guessed that the bees may switch styles as a way of coping with the build-up of small construction errors made by their fore-runners. Such a process, in which multiple organisms indirectly affect each other's behavior through the traces they leave in their environment, is known as stigmergy(共识主动性). The researchers later introduced a sign of spirals to the otherwise perfect horizontal-layer honeycombs, and found that it did indeed cause the bees to switch to building spirals.

    These results suggest that stingless bees can pass on different building traditions across generations and individuals needn't be instructed by their peers. "The findings are the clearest demonstration of cultural differences naturally appearing in insects. Insect culture would once have been thought impossible," says behavioral biologist Andrew Whiten, who wasn't involved in the research. "Less than a century ago, culture was thought to be uniquely human."

    (1)How does the author introduce the topic of the text?
    A . By posing a contrast. B . By reporting an event. C . By supposing a situation. D . By justifying an assumption.
    【答案】
    (2)What can be inferred about the stingless bees' honeycomb-building behavior?
    A . It is a result driven by genetic factors. B . It involves cost and efficiency considerations. C . It is switched constantly between several styles. D . It shows flexibility in the changing environments.
    【答案】
    (3)What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
    A . The impact of fore-runners' behavior on other stingless bees. B . The underlying logic behind stingless bees' building styles. C . The advantages of maintaining stigmergy among stingless bees. D . The significance of correcting small errors during construction.
    【答案】
    (4)What is Andrew Whiten's attitude towards the findings of the study?
    A . Doubtful. B . Conservative. C . Favorable. D . Critical.
    【答案】
    【考点】
    【解析】
      

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  • 举一反三
        Have you ever run into a careless cellphone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As thenumber of this new “species” of human has kept rising, they have been given a newname — phubbers(低头族).

        Recently, a cartoon created by studentsfrom China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobilephone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of theworld.

        Although the ending sounds overstated the damage phubbing can bring is real.

        Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Constantly bending your head to check your cellphone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying. “the neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.” Also, staring at cellphones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, accordingto the report.

        But that's not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cellphones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported.

        It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight.

    阅读理解

        Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be tough. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets.

    Open Table

        Open Table helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. Open Table is a free service that shows users restaurant availability based on where and when they want to dine. Open Table users can also make reservations directly through the app or website.

    Epicurious

        Epicurious is a free app and website to help users find recipes and become better cooks. The app has more than 30,000 recipes and can create a shopping list based on the ingredients in a recipe. The app rates recipes for popularity and other qualities and inform users about vegetables in season in different areas.

    Happy Cow

        The Happy Cow app is made freely for Vegetarians. Users can search for vegetarian restaurants and stores around the world. The Happy Cow app is based on the Happy Cow website, where users can discover places nearby or search using keywords.

    Local Eats

        Restaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes tourists want to eat like locals. The website and app Local Eats is designed for that, which can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It lists locally owned restaurants so users can try foods from that area.

    Where Chefs Eat

        “Where Chefs Eat” is a 975-page book. Most people would not want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just one dollar. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app. Users can also search by region, chef, or restaurant name.

    根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

    阅读理解

        If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

    While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their national heroes.

        But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

        In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.

    So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.

        Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

        As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

    阅读理解

        Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.

        The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting where schools expect them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.

        Keith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was their parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks."They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice.

        Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.

        Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success. "A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."

    阅读理解

        The UK's largest coffee seller, Costa Coffee, has promised to recycle half a billion coffee cups a year by 2020 to deal with plastic waste. The move, which means recycling the same number of cups it puts onto the market, would account for a big percentage out of the 2.5 billion takeaway cups thrown away across the country every year.

        Though marked as recyclable, most of paper coffee cups end up on landfill(垃圾场) or being burned due to the plastic lining(涂层) used to make them waterproof. By paying waste collectors to take coffee cups to certain places, Costa hopes to increase the rate at which cups are recycled. Finally, all a customer will need to do to make sure their cup avoids landfill is throw it into a standard recycling bin.

        Started following the Environmental Audit Committee's report recommending ministers take action to deal with coffee cup waste, the campaign has pushed for action from governments and businesses and promoted possible solutions. Starbucks has promised £7m to develop a "fully recyclable cup" following pressure from campaigners, while Waitrose, a supermarket, has planned to stop using disposable(一次性的) coffee cups from its stores by autumn.

        The company has entered into a partnership with five national waste collectors – Veolia, Biffa, Suez, Grundon and First Mile – that between them cover public spaces across the UK including hospitals, universities and transport hubs. The coffee company is also working with paper factories to make sure their products are recycled effectively. James Cropper, for example, has plans to upgrade 500 million cups a year to create plastic-free packaging. By building more partnerships with waste contractors in every area, Costa means to hit its half a billion mark within two years.

        With one report showing the number of takeaway drink cups thrown away in the UK is set to rise by a third by 2030, and the government recently failing to tax some coffee to discourage cup use, it falls to businesses to act on the huge amount of waste from their products.

        Commenting on the announcement, Environment Minister Therese Coffey said: "Congratulations to Costa on taking this significant step to help coffee lovers do the right thing and increase recycling. We all have a responsibility to our environment and this is a significant step by a British business which should increase the number of disposable coffee cups we recycle in this country." "We want to help companies become plastic free and through our 25 Year Environment Plan we are putting in place the aims to encourage all of us to play our part in ending the pollution of plastic waste in our natural environment."

     阅读短文,从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,使短文通顺、连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。

    First aid is a simple medical treatment that gives a person who suddenly becomes ill before a doctor can be found. It's believed that four hundred and eighty seconds after an accident can make a difference between life and death. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Here are some different situations where you can learn, how to give first aid.

    Burns

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#} It's the best to place burns under softly running water for about 10 minutes. Remember that don't use ice!

    Nosebleed

    Ask the person to lean forward and pinch the nose for five to six minutes. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} If so, the blood may run into the mouth.

    Dog Bites

    Wash the bite with plenty of water at a comfortable temperature. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Then, go to see the doctor at once and follow their suggestions carefully.

    Chocking (窒息)

    Stand behind the chocking person put your arms around his body and lean him or her forward slowly. Press his or her stomach. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} You can also hit his back with your hand.

    A. Cool the burned area quickly with cool water.

    B. Have you done these in your daily life?

    C. This helps clean the dirty things around.

    D. This is why learning first aid is so important in our daily life.

    E. Don't raise the head!

    F. Do this up to five times.

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