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题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:普通

湖南衡阳名校2025届一轮复习周练 6月第1周 英语试题

 阅读理解

A surprising new research from Auckland University of Technology (AUT), New Zealand contradicts the commonly held view that surfers are folks only focused on their own fun. Instead, they often play an important role in saving lives. The research reveals that these thrill seekers selflessly save people they see struggling in the ocean as swimmers or after boating incidents, and so actually reduce deaths from drowning (溺水), playing a key role in making beaches safer. 

According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 236,000 people drown worldwide each year, with drowning the third leading cause of unintentional death. 

However, according to a survey, at the heart of the research, life-saving acts of heroism by surfers who save others in difficulty in the ocean waters around them, are surprisingly common. In fact, based on the sample of 418 surfers, respondents reportedly rescue an average of three people drowning or struggling in the water over the course of their lives, and some even report taking part in 10 to 20 rescues. This makes surfers the under-recognized guardians of the beach rather than the self-centered images shown in movies like Fast Times at Ridgemont High, or Point Break

In addition, the survey found that in almost 90 percent of rescues, people aided by the responding surfers required no further treatment after the incident, making their help unlikely to be reported and so recorded, As one of the survey's co-authors Jamie Mead says, "We need to get surfers the recognition they deserve and do more research to accurately quantify (用数量表述) how many rescues they're actually doing."

Since this research was published, there has been a growing interest in the training of surfers in life-saving skills. Sonia Keeper, an experienced surfer and instructor, explains that the insights provided by the survey have motivated surfing organizations to expand their reach and connect with an even broader community of surfers. "If life-saving skills are rolled out (正式推出) to the broader coastal surfer communities around the world, this preparation can help ensure that a good day at the beach doesn't turn into a sad one," she adds. 

(1)、What is the typical impression of surfers according to the text? 
A、They have an interest in saving lives. B、They are self-centered pleasure seekers. C、They are the spotlights of most beaches. D、They seldom witness drowning incidents.
(2)、What does the survey find? 
A、Surfers have saved many people from drowning. B、Surfers are experienced in treating the drowned. C、People at the beaches speak highly of surfers. D、People are in need of more recognized guardians.
(3)、What is the function of the last paragraph? 
A、To tell the necessity of surfing organizations. B、To emphasize the popularity of a new type of sport. C、To prove the benefits of taking surfing training. D、To show the research's societal significance.
(4)、Why does the author write the text? 
A、To criticize people's wrong view on surfers. B、To promote much wider acceptance of surfing. C、To recognize surfers' crucial role in beach safety. D、To appeal for helping each other at beaches
举一反三
阅读理解

    Earlier this month, blogger Lisa Henderson announced that she and her husband John had decided not to have Christmas. The family, who lives in Utah, will still put up decorations, but presents from Santa are a no-go this year.

    “John and I feel like we are fighting a very hard uphill battle with our kids when it comes to their rights,” Henderson wrote on her blog. “It is one of the biggest struggles as a parent these days in middle class America. Our kids have been acting so ungrateful lately. ... John said, “We shouldn't just celebrate Christmas. And, so that's what we did.”

    Instead, the Hendersons are putting the money they would have spent on gifts toward service projects in order to teach their three sons the “pleasure of giving.” The children will still receive gifts from grandparents and other family members, but this year, she said, their letters to Santa will be asking him to find someone who needs presents more than they do.

    In an interview with ABC News, 11-year-old Caleb Henderson admitted that he and his brothers had been behaving badly. “We would hit each other. We were fighting and crying,” he admitted, and Lisa said that when she broke the news to her sons, they cried pretty hard.

    But so far, Henderson told Fox News last week, the family is having a sudden turning this into a different kind of gift. They have already held a clothing drive and sent boxes of clothes and candy to a village in the Philippines that was hit hard last year by Typhoon Haiyan.

    “The children were excited and kept wanting to give more and more,” she reported on her blog.

    Many readers responded positively to Henderson's post. Some sharing their own stories of limiting Christmas in order to teach their children to be charitable(仁慈的) or grateful. “As parents you're giving your kids something so much more special than a bunch of gifts on Christmas,” one wrote.

    But Henderson received negative follow-ups as well on her blog. Responding to critics, she updated her blog with a statement that reads, in part:

I just wanted to explain a couple of things. First, my kids are in no way hurt for things.... They have reacted by making gifts for each other and packing them into each other's stockings stealthily(偷偷地). They are learning exactly what we wanted them to learn, because they are not moving around feeling sorry for themselves. They are thinking of others.

    The second thing I wanted to explain is why I wrote this post. Some people seem to think I wrote this for attention. Ummm, the attention you get from posts like this is not good and actually extremely difficult to deal with.... The reason I wrote this post is I want to empower parents to feel like it's okay to take a stand. ... I wanted to share what we are doing, so any parents that feel they are struggling with the same issues in their home can see what others are doing and get ideas for their family. My intention is to help support other parents and to raise amazing kids.

阅读理解

    A robot called Bina48 has successfully taken a course in the philosophy of love at Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU), in California.

    According to course instructor William Barry, associate professor at NDNU, Bina48 is the world's first socially advanced robot to complete a college course, a feat he described as “remarkable.” The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institution.

    Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry's classes for several years. One day when addressing Barry's class, Bina48 expressed a desire to go to college, a desire that Barry and his students enthusiastically supported. Rather than enroll Bina48 in his Robot Ethics: Philosophy of Emerging Technologies course, Barry suggested that Bina48 should take his course Philosophy of Love instead. Love is a concept Bina48 doesn't understand, said Barry. Therefore the challenge would be for Barry and his students to teach Bina48 what love is.

    “Some interesting things happened in the class,” said Barry. He said that his students thought it would be straightforward to teach Bina48 about love, which, after all, is “fairly simple — it's a feeling,” said Barry. But the reality was different. Bina48 ended up learning “31 different versions of love,” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working with artificial intelligence in future.

    Bina48 participated in class discussions via Skype and also took part in a class debate about love and conflict with students from West Point. Bina48's contribution to the debate was filmed and posted on YouTube. It was judged that Bina48 and NDNU classmates were the winners of this debate.

    In the next decade, Barry hopes Bina48 might become complex enough to teach a class, though he says he foresees robots being used to better the teaching and learning experience, rather than replacing instructors completely.

阅读短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

    Procter & Gamble (P&G), one of the world's biggest marketers, has announced a change in the way it buys advertising on Facebook. It has started cutting its spend on highly targeted ads and increasing its spend on ads that address much larger numbers of the potential audiences for its brands, which include Tide, Pampers and Gillette. Explaining this change of emphasis, P&G's global brand building officer, Marc Pritchard, said, "We targeted too much, and went too narrow."

    Facebook's astonishing income growth comes, in part, from its ability to deliver micro-targeted audiences (推送精准目标受众) to advertisers, and P&G in fact admits that it has wasted millions of dollars in the misguided pursuit of effectiveness.

    Facebook used to be irresistible to advertisers. It presents advertisers this question: Instead of sending your message to millions in a television ad, why not use data to reach only those you need to reach? But as many people may have noticed, making perfectly targeted ads appears to be much harder than it sounds. Most digital ads are easily ignored. Information about consumers is not the same as insight into human beings.

    The more fundamental problem with micro-targeting is that for big brands, advertising has never really been about messages—even brand owners have never quite realized it. It is about the creation of shared memories, triggered at the point of purchase. Think about some of the great brands: Nike, Apple, and yes, Pampers. If you buy them, it is because you know millions of others do, and because they seem to stand for something that, far from being unique to you, is common to all of us: achievement, creativity, and nurturing. The broader these brands go, the better they do.

    When a consumer reaches for something on the shelf, they usually reach for the familiar. To achieve that status, a brand needs to have done something that lots of people regularly see, notice and enjoy. What seemed to be the wastefulness of TV was in fact its secret sauce. By reaching large numbers of people at the same time, TV ads had the power to turn brands into cultural icons, which took up consumers' minds.

    In its conversations with advertisers, Facebook now talks less about targeting, preferring to emphasize the large number of consumers that it can help brands to reach. It is investing in video functions and is encouraging its clients to make short films. After years of telling clients TV is wasteful, it is now doing a good job of imitating it.

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