Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children's development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth's psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.

Research from Telama （2006） states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth （ages nine to eighteen） increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté （2002） defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment （e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone's backyard）. When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. （whether they win or lose） than with the behavior. （having fun）.

           On the other hand, Ericsson （1993） suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.

（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）

        The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

1 Curiosity

        Your children need to be deeply curious{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can weadd to make these pancakes even better next time ?” and then try them out. Ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?

2 Creativity

        True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new. Thereare a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materialsto create something new can go a long way in helping them develop theircreativity.

3 Personal skills

        Understanding how others feel can be achallenge for kids. We know what's going on inside our own head, but what aboutothers? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation andjumping to false conclusions{#blank#}3{#/blank#}“Whydo you think she's crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking athis face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”

4 Self Expression

{#blank#}4{#/blank#} there aremany ways to express thoughts and ideas{#blank#}5{#/blank#}music, acting, drawing,building, photography. You may find that yourchild is attracted by one more than another.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can't forget scienceeducation.

C. We can give kids chances to thinkabout materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids preparefor jobs that don't yet exist?

E. Gardening is another great activityfor helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or askquestions about characters in stories.

G. Being able tocommunicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

 A. Make sure you match the job description

 B. Be conscious of good interview manners

 C. Put your interviewer at ease

 D. Plan before you pursue

 E. Dress to make a good first impression

 F. Do be sincere

    Attending an interview with the intent to impress the hiring manager is dangerous if you go about it in the wrong way. Below are some things you can do to maximize your chances of getting the job.

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}   

    True, sometimes interviewers aren't prepared themselves, but that doesn't mean they'll forgive you for the same mistake. Developing and following a plan at the beginning of a job search has a significant impact on its success. Research the job thoroughly. Think about how your previous experience qualifies you and how it compares to the work on offer. Set "process goals" to keep you on track toward your larger career goals. "Process goals" aren't big-picture objectives. They're "roll up your sleeves and make it happen" objectives.

 {#blank#}2{#/blank#}   

You can't think of any personal weaknesses, you've overcome all your weaknesses, or you say you haven't given it a lot of thought. Mistakes? Not you. No one progresses in a career without making mistakes and learning from them. Trained interviewers will be looking to see if you readily acknowledge and admit your weaknesses and can describe mistakes you've made and what you learned from them. Never give a measured response that sugarcoats reality to a tough interview question about your past.

{#blank#}3{#/blank#}   

    If you were a 6-foot, 5-inch, 250-pound Frenchman with strong arms and a bushy beard, would you apply for the part of Little Orphan Annie on Broadway? How ridiculous that image is. If you don't have an accurate understanding of what the job is all about, your opinion of how well-matched you are will be based on an inaccurate foundation. For example, sales professionals are expected to possess excellent communication skills, time management and organization skills. Make sure you have a full job description from the employer so you can match your skills to the job's requirements.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#}   

    The best way to ensure a good first impression is to dress smart. What is appropriate depends on the particular employer and job but, generally speaking, it is better to dress formally while remaining comfortable. If you are unsure what to wear, you should always go with the most conservative, professional option. What you are wearing tells employers a lot about how serious you are about getting the job. The more confident and polished you appear, the more likely you are to leave the interviewer with a positive impression of you.

 {#blank#}5{#/blank#}   

    Learn as much as you can about how the interview will be conducted. Employers are looking for the candidate with the best knowledge and experience, but rarely do they hire for work skills at the expense of social skills. If you lack self-awareness, it shows. And it doesn't look good. Be on time for your interview. Be aware of your body language. Even in the critical small talk before the interview, make eye contact with your interviewer to convey confidence when you're speaking, smile when it's appropriate, and look alert.

Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?

Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.

    The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning(扫描)equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.

    As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.

A. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time.

B. They will possibly affect their benefits.

C. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people.

D. He couldn't remember even simple tasks.

E. What do the doctors worry about?

F. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.

G. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful?

    One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every  English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文) showing how it was used.

    This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.

    Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.

    But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked  in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum (精神病院) for the Criminally Insane.

    Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.

    In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.

    Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.

Iman, the last Sumatran rhino(犀牛) in Malaysia, died in 2019 — bringing the endangered species one step closer to extinction. Now, Malaysian scientists are hoping to use tissues and cells from Iman and other dead rhinos to bring the population back.

"Before the three rhinos (the last survivors in Malaysia) died, we got their cells, and the cells are still alive — which is why I'm quite confident," Dr. Lokman said. "If we don't have any cells, or have just tissue that isn't living anymore, we wouldn't be able to do anything. But now we have a living thing that we can use. "

The cells came from the rhinos'hearts, lungs and brains. What is the most important is that the team collected stem cells (干细胞). One possible approach is to develop these stem cells into an egg (卵子) and sperm (精子), to create an embryo (胚胎) that will be placed into a surrogate mother (代孕母亲). She will likely be another rhino, either a Sumatran rhino from another country or another species. The other method is to take the egg of a surrogate animal, remove the nucleus (细胞核), and join it with a Sumatran rhino's body cell. This technique was famously used to clone Dolly the sheep in 1996. Dr. Lokman and his colleagues are trying both ways. The team is still in the early stages; next, they need to find a suitable surrogate female.

Sumatran rhinos are listed as critically endangered by the World Wildlife Fund. There are less than 80 alive in Indonesia and Thailand. The fall in the population was first caused by hunting. Later, the situation was worsened by the loss of habitats and human activity. Unfortunately, there are now only five remaining rhino species worldwide, and all are threatened. Some sub-species have already died out; the western black rhino was declared extinct in 2013. And it is a pity that the last male northern white rhino died in 2019.