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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

江西省九江市第一中学2017-2018学年高二上学期英语开学考试试卷

阅读理解

    In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit "Bunker " Roy founded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamp light at night.

    The philosophy of the Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with quality beyond social classes, sex or religion. As a matter of fact, women are favorably regarded as an underserved population that is necessary to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.

    After the colleges female students have completed their half a year of training, they return to their villages villages, where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need ,they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves. Once assembled(组装), they and the lamps are powered by the solar panels.

    The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they have difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.

    Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.

(1)、What does this article explain about an organization?
A、How it accomplishes its goals B、How its global efforts are funded C、How its founder hires employees D、How it works with the government
(2)、According to this article, what does the organization believe in?
A、Supporting the arts. B、Preserving history. C、Respecting animals. D、Improving society.
(3)、Which idea is communicated by the organization to women?
A、They should be more involved in politics. B、They don't have to depend on others. C、They aren't educating their daughters enough. D、They focus too much on their communities.
(4)、n the past, what was hard to provide in villages after dark?
A、Dry shelter. B、Clean water. C、Medical care. D、Food supplies.
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

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阅读理解

    Franz Boas was born in Minden, Germany, in 1858. After studying at the Universities of Heidelberg, Bonn, and Kiel, he received a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Kiel in 1881. His first fieldwork experience was among the Eskimo in Baffinland, Canada, in 1883-1884. In 1886, on his way back from a visit to the Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Canada, he stopped in New York and decided to settle.

    Boas's first teaching position in America was at the newly founded Clark University in 1888. Eleven years later, he became professor of anthropology(人类学) at Columbia University. From 1896 to 1905 he was also curator(馆长) of anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History in NY. There he organized and took part in the Jesup North Pacific Expedition of 1902, which suggested the possibility of a strong relationship between northern Asian and northwestern Native American cultures. After guiding the Columbia Anthropology Department for 41 years, Boas became Professor Emeritus(荣誉退休教授) in 1937.

    Boas's anthropological studies have become classics in the field. He showed the necessity of studying a culture in all its aspects, including art, history, dance, language as well as the characteristics of the people. He pointed out that the differences in peoples were the results of historical, social and geographic conditions and all populations had complete and equally developed culture. He argued that no truly pure race exists, and that no race is superior to any other.

    In 1911 Boas published the Mind of Primitive Man, a series of lectures on culture and race. In the 1930s the Nazis in Germany burned the book. Boas revised the book in 1937 and put his anthropological ideas about racism into popular magazine articles. In 1942, Boas died, having founded anthropology as a recognized social science.

阅读理解

    Looking back on the first twenty years of my life, I feel grateful to have been so healthy and happy. For my happiness, I am grateful to so many people and lucky events, but what have guided me and supported me in my life are my physical health, healthy finances, and my family's happiness.

    Health comes first for me, because without health everything else is meaningless. Imagine starting a career without good health. Imagine starting a family without good health. Imagine achieving anything without good health. Clearly, good health is the first necessary for other part of one's life.

    Good health is not enough to be happy. We still need to have money in today's society. Money obviously pays for basic needs of life — food, housing, clothing — but it is also necessary for other reason like the quality of our education and medical care.

    Next comes the most important thing in having a happy life — our family. It provides the love, joy and support that everybody needs. I love my family with all my heart. I get pleasure from their pleasure. I suffer when they suffer. My family helped me get through the hard times of entrance exams. They comforted and advised me when I had misunderstanding with my friends. More importantly, they have been there to share in my successes in the past twenty years. In summary, all these are what I need and want in this world. As long as I stay healthy, earn enough money, and share both good times and bad times with my family, I will always be the happiest girl in the world.

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

When I grow up

    In kindergarten, my class was asked to draw pictures, showing what we wanted to be when we grew up. Our drawings were expected to display our dream occupations. I remember pictures of ballerinas dancing, firefighters putting out a blaze, and astronauts leaping across the moon.

    My picture showed a figure with brown hair holding a box of orange juice beside a counter. Underneath was my handwriting: "When I grow up, I want to work at Market Basket because it would be fun to swipe (刷) orange juice across the scanner." Out of everything, my five­year­old self wished to work at the local grocery store.

    When we are young, questions of what we want to be when we grow up are common. Yet we are not expected to respond with an answer that is likely to come true. However, when we become teens, we are asked the very same questions twice as often. The difference is, now we are supposed to answer with confidence.

    Teens are expected to know exactly what we want to be and how we are going to achieve that goal. However, not all of us can be so sure. Even though I am in high school, I cannot answer with certainty. But I don't consider that a bad thing. How am I supposed to know what I will want to spend my time doing at age 40?

    When I think about the future, I definitely don't see myself working at Market Basket, but in reality, if that was what would make me happy, I would do it. So, the next time someone asks me what I want to be when I grow up, I will simply say "happy".

    Happiness is a destination for everyone. We may want to walk different paths in life, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. Choose your path, but don't worry too much about choosing wisely. Make a mistake or two and try new things. But always remember, if you're not happy, you're not at the end of your journey yet.

阅读理解

    Nola (August 21, 1974-November 22, 2015)was a northern white rhino(犀牛) who lived at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park near Escondido, California. At her death, she was one of only four remaining northern white rhinos in the world. The other three lived in Kenya. World Rhino Day, held on September 2, is to raise awareness(意识) of the less than 30, 000 other rhinos left on Earth.

    "Rhinos need our help today, not tomorrow," Nola's lead keeper Jane Kennedy said. "Last year we lost over 1, 200 rhinos just in South Africa. If we continue to lose more than 1, 000 rhinos a year, in 10 to 20years all the rhinos on the planet will be gone. "

    "Unfortunately, most animals are in danger of dying out because of humans," Kennedy says. "Humans have either poached animals, or because there are over seven billion of us, we've taken up too much of the world's resources". Poachers illegally hunt rhinos for their horns. They sell the horns for thousands of dollars per pound, to be used for art, jewelry, and decorations. Experts believe that one rhino is poached every eight hours.

    In 1975, the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research started the Frozen Zoo, a program through which researchers have collected cell (细胞) samples from more than 8, 000 different types of animals, including the northern white rhino. Scientists hope that by studying the rhino cells, they will get greater understanding of it, and will find ways to increase its numbers.

    Jane Kennedy describes World Rhino Day as "a celebration of rhinos along with an awareness campaign(活动)for everybody across the world to know that rhinos need our help. "At the San Diego Zoo, children and adults are welcome to visit and speak with zookeepers to learn about rhinos. But you don't have to live in San Diego to celebrate World Rhino Day. It is observed around the world, with zoos and wildlife parks holding special events and programs to teach people about rhinos, and enable them to see the animals up close. For more information, go to www. worldrhinoday.org.

阅读理解

    With a focus now on the environmental influence over the fashion industry, some bloggers who cut their teeth sharing details of endless clothes and products are changing their direction-enter the "no-buy" movement. The idea is simple: instead of buying new clothes or beauty products, you make a promise to use the things you already own. Some people sign up to a "no-buy year". Others decide not to buy for a few weeks or months or choose "low-buy" with a strict spending cap.

    This life style has caught the attention of many people who struggle to keep up with the latest fashion. Modern people's desire for material things is often not caused by poverty (贫穷) , but by anxiety, which is further enlarged by the rise of social media.

     "Social media puts pressure on people to spend money," says Katherine Ormerod, author of Why Social Media is Ruining Your Life. Many online influencers are given the items they use and wear for free, but Ormerod is determined not to wear any new products she is given. "Really I just want to convince people they don't have to spend a lot of money on fashion to look stylish and there's no such thing as 'last season' anymore," she says. "True style has never been about that anyway."

    However, self-satisfied expressions of minimalist (极简主义的) living have earned plenty of doubts. "Minimalism is a good quality only when it's a choice, and it's telling that its fan base is from the well-off middle class. To people who don't have enough in the first place, celebrations of 'less is more' can sound more like a luxury (奢侈) than a considerable loss." Stephanie Land wrote in The New York Times.

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