题型：阅读理解 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
安徽省芜湖市第一中学2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期中考试试卷
Franz Boas was born in Minden, Germany, in 1858. After studying at the Universities of Heidelberg, Bonn, and Kiel, he received a doctor's degree in physics from the University of Kiel in 1881. His first fieldwork experience was among the Eskimo in Baffinland, Canada, in 1883-1884. In 1886, on his way back from a visit to the Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Canada, he stopped in New York and decided to settle.
Boas's first teaching position in America was at the newly founded Clark University in 1888. Eleven years later, he became professor of anthropology(人类学) at Columbia University. From 1896 to 1905 he was also curator(馆长) of anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History in NY. There he organized and took part in the Jesup North Pacific Expedition of 1902, which suggested the possibility of a strong relationship between northern Asian and northwestern Native American cultures. After guiding the Columbia Anthropology Department for 41 years, Boas became Professor Emeritus(荣誉退休教授) in 1937.
Boas's anthropological studies have become classics in the field. He showed the necessity of studying a culture in all its aspects, including art, history, dance, language as well as the characteristics of the people. He pointed out that the differences in peoples were the results of historical, social and geographic conditions and all populations had complete and equally developed culture. He argued that no truly pure race exists, and that no race is superior to any other.
In 1911 Boas published the Mind of Primitive Man, a series of lectures on culture and race. In the 1930s the Nazis in Germany burned the book. Boas revised the book in 1937 and put his anthropological ideas about racism into popular magazine articles. In 1942, Boas died, having founded anthropology as a recognized social science.
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