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题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:普通

人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Section IV

 阅读理解

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor. 

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. 

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources. 

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. 

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt. 

Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 

(1)、What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A、The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B、The increasing variety of California big trees. C、The distribution of big trees in California forests. D、The influence of farming on big trees in California.
(2)、Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A、Ecological studies of forests. B、Banning woodcutting. C、Limiting housing development. D、Fire control measures.
(3)、What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A、Inadequate snowmelt. B、A longer dry season. C、A warmer climate. D、Dampness of the air.
(4)、What is a suitable title for the text?
A、California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B、Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C、Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D、Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
举一反三
阅读理解

     I've often wondered if I might do more good as a travel agent rather than as a psychologist.It seems that I have been more dramatically affected by certain kinds of travel experiences than I ever have.

     My trip to Iceland is a fine example of that.The plan was to spend two days in a remote mountain hut in Iceland.I was working on a photograhic book about winter in Iceland and needed to capture images of this amazing region of high mountain peaks,smoky volcanoes,and lakes with floating icebergs.

     The moment after we arrived,the weather turned extreme making visibility impossible.It snowed so much and the wind blew so hard that we couldn't leave the tiny hut.We tried to call for help but the radio did not work.Day after day,we watched our supplies of food and fuel grow dangerously short.We got acute cabin fever(幽居病)and started going for walks and ski expeditions outside.Even when the weather finally broke,nobody came to get us even though it was three days beyond our scheduled pickup.By the time the rescue team came to pull us out,we had all given up hope.

     From then on,the world looks different to me,as does my life.It would have taken me years of psychotherapy to get to the same point.

Almost everyone has a story to tell,and interestingly,most of these experiences were not altogether pleasant at the time.In fact,it appears that the most constructive life­changing journeys were those that involved some sorts of awful and uncomfortable events that forced the person to develop new resources,increase confidence,and solve problems in new ways.

阅读理解

    You never played the video dance game? Now such games are used to help lose weight!

    Like many other teenage boys, Jones loves sports. But at 5 feet, 175 pounds, he found his weight in trouble. His doctor wanted him to lose 50 pounds so that he may be a good football game player by the end of the summer.

    Jones chose the popular Dance Revolution video game at home to increase his activity. He had lost about 10 pounds by changing his diet. Now, after two weeks' playing the game, he has lost another 10!

    A health study is being done by an insurance company. The company hopes that the game will lead to better health and lower costs. “Obesity claims last year cost us $ 77 million. We have to cut those costs,” said a member of the insurance group. The company provides a game console (游戏主机), a dance mat and software for the six-month, $ 60,000 study.

    The study is more than a commercial thing of an insurance company. It is widely supported by physical education and health professionals.

    In West Virginia, 43% of the nearly 6,000 children examined for heart disease risk were considered over-weighted; more than 25% were too fat. “We are in a crisis of childhood obesity not only in West Virginia but in America,” said a researcher.

    Researchers are now looking at the potential for improving effects by using the game. A teacher in West Virginia has been using the video games in her classes since last fall. She reported that the game does improve heart health as well as eye-hand coordination (协调能力), and her students take the video game as a great alternative to jumping rope or ball games.

    The US Education Department is putting the game in 20 schools to control childhood obesity. Well, are you going to try such to dance away your extra weight?

阅读理解

    If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech "Information Age" demands people who are flexible (灵活) and who have good communication skills.

    There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature (特点) of the kind of high-speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.

    Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as "very important" by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.

    Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don't regret their choice of study.

阅读理解

    Can you imagine printing food? Some scientists are trying to revolutionize the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will become as commonplace as the microwave. Scientists say that they are easy to use:you simply have to select a recipe and put the raw food "inks" into the printer. You can also change the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.

    They say that if people used 3D printers to create meals there would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot easier. For example, alternative ingredients (原料) such as proteins from insects could be changed into tasty products. And as is known,those traditional activities are not beneficial to our surroundings.

    This technology could also help people who suffer from dysphagia (a swallowing disorder).The patients could program the printer and softer versions would be made so that they would not have trouble swallowing them.

    However,some people think that using 3D-printed foods would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs,including those for growing,transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw "food ink". Likewise, traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional value of printed food:is it really possible to get the nutrients we need from food-based inks?

    What's more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pastime of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button.

阅读理解

    We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.

Athens and Crete Explorer

    Visit Greek's famous capital, Athens, and its largest island, Crete, on this Greece vacation. In Athens, tour the iconic Acropolis and head to nearby Delphi to see the home of the ancient Oracle, before flying to the island of Crete where you can explore its capital, Heraklion, and enjoy its world-famous diet of seafood and cheese.

Duration: 8 Days    Prices From: US$ 892

Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas

London for Families

    Designed to thrill people of all ages, this family London vacation explores the sights, history and magic of this great city. Visit the world of Harry Potter, the original Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum, and take the Original London Sightseeing Tour.

Duration: 9 Days    Prices From: US$ 634

    Trip Type: Family Vacations, Stopovers/City Breaks, Tailor-made Travel Ideas

Australia & New Zealand

    Explore the two most popular cities of Australia and New Zealand on this air-land tour. Start in Sydney, where you'll tour the Sydney Opera House, sail across the famous harbour, and see koalas and kangaroos at Taronga Zoo. Then head on to Auckland where you'll explore the twin harbours, learn about Maori traditions, and enjoy unbeatable views of the landscape.

Duration: 11 Days   Prices From: US$ 1,999

    Trip Type: Vacation Packages with Airfare

Classic Egypt

    This tour is a true classic designed to give the traveler with limited time a superb introduction to the civilization of Ancient Egypt, focusing on the Nile and its importance to the people. The ancient land of Egypt inspires the imagination like no other. Unlock the land of the Pharaohs on this 9 day journey along the Nile.

Duration: 9 Days    Prices From: US$ 1,495

    Trip Type: Classics (Bestsellers), Tailor-made Travel Ideas

 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

It is often a complex and tiring task to live a healthy life, but that isnˈt always the case. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Itˈs time to change the classroom environment for the health of the children.

{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Itˈs not surprising that sitting for long as a child is associated with health problems as an adult. Fortunately, thereˈs a simple, overlooked solution to these problems—standing desks.

Over the last few years, a number of studies have shown that the benefits of the increased range of movement students experience when using standing desks are surprisingly broad. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Besides, standing desks encourage higher levels of teamwork and participation among students. Standing desks also help to reduce the risk of some diseases. They can help to prevent fatness, heart disease and low spirits. Sedentary(久坐的)lifestyles are a major reason why teenagers suffer from poor mental health, while higher activity levels reduce the chances of a child experiencing such an illness.

The benefits of bringing standing desks into classrooms are obvious. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Otherwise they will likely hurt their muscles when standing for a long time. Standing desks usually offer a full range of motion, which includes the option to sit or lean(倾斜身体)without losing eye-level of the rest of the class, and that full range of motion is important.

Sitting isnˈt horrible. It isnˈt a thing we should never do. The problem is that we do it too much, and so do our children, which makes children less likely to succeed and keep healthy. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A.It is time for us to stand up to stay healthy.

B.But it is important for children to use them gradually.

C.Children spend most of their school day sitting at desks.

D.Thus itˈs necessary to break up the sitting with standing desks.

E.Something as cheap as a desk could be making a major difference.

F.Right now there is something we can do easily to keep our children healthy.

G.For example, they help students keep fit and avoid putting on too much weight.

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