（2016•镇江）根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 Several days ago, I went to my aunt&#039;s home and saw my cousin who is stu...

题型：阅读选择题类：真题难易度：普通

2016年江苏省镇江市中考英语真题试卷

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 Several days ago, I went to my aunt's home and saw my cousin who is studying English linguistics in a university． He showed me his learning materials．Here are two pages of them.

Nice
Generally speaking, the word “nice” is quite an expression of praise. However, back in the late 12^th century, if someone said you were “nice”, it was far from saying good words about you.
Very long ago, “nice” was used to mean “foolish” and “stupid”. That sounds more like the kind of words that would start a fight, not put a smile on someone's face. Later on in the 13^th century, 'nice” came to mean “shy and nervous”. During the 14^th century, it even meant “being careful”. But finally in the 18^th century, it changed to the kinder meaning we know today, and ever since then, people have been using it in a lovable way.

Sad
    All of us get sad from time to time. It's a usual part of life. A loved one passes away. We expect too much progress in an exam. Or the store is out of our favourite drink. These are all things that can make us sad.
    However, once upon a time, “sad” had a very different meaning. Back in the 14^th century, it was the perfect word if you had eaten too much food at dinner.
    Through the years, the meaning of “sad” changed to “heavy” and then “tired”. Interestingly, when “sad” took on its present meaning, it was actually used instead of “unrot”, an old English word that was the opposite of “rot” that meant “cheerful” or “glad”.

Now I know at some point in history, the meanings of some common words that we see every day meant something much different. The English language is developing all the time.

（1）、When did "nice" come to mean "shy and nervous"?

A、In the late 12th century. B、In the 13th century. C、During the 14th century. D、In the 18th century.

（2）、The underlined word "these" refers to(指代) the following except that ________.

A、a loved one passes away B、we expect too much progress in an exam C、the store is out of our favourite drink D、we have eaten too much food at dinner

（3）、The purpose of the passage is to tell us .

A、the meanings of all words are different at some point in history B、my cousin learns English well because of his learning materials C、we should know about all the different meanings of words in history D、the meanings of some words are changing because language is developing

举一反三

   There are differences between western culture and Chinese culture. We can see differences when we pay attention to the way words are used. Let's look at the words about animals and plants. Most expressions in Chinese is about the dog, for example, "a homeless dog", “a mad dog", "a running dog" and "a dog catching a mouse”, have negative(消极) meanings. But in western countries, dogs are thought to be honest and good friends of humans. In English, people use the dog to describe positive(积极的) actions. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means you are a lucky person. And “every dog has its day”means each person has good luck sometimes. To describe a person's serious illness, they say "sick as a dog". The word "dog—tired" means very tired. However, Chinese love cats very much. But in western culture, "cat" is often used to describe a woman who is cruel(冷酷的). There are many other examples of how "cat" is used differently as well.
   The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries. People think the rose stands for love, peace, courage and friendship. And the rose is the national flower of England, America and many other countries.
   The words about plants and animals are used in positive or negative ways in different cultures. We can learn about many differences in cultures by comparing how some words are used.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
Every country has its own way of cooking. American people have their way of cooking, don't they?
Most people in the United States like fast food, but if you think that American people don't like cooking, you are wrong. It's true that most Americans eat fast food for their breakfast and lunch, but they also think cooking is interesting. Parents see the importance of teaching their children how to cook, and most Americans say that home cooked meals are the best.
Americans have their own way of cooking. For example, baking (烘烤) is the most popular way of cooking in America. Most American families have ovens. American cooks pay attention to (注意) the balance of food. In planning a big meal, they try to cook meat, a few vegetables, some bread and often some sweet food. They also like to make the meal look beautiful. There are many kinds of food of different colors, so the meal is healthy and looks beautiful, too.

Hi, everybody!
   Welcome to our newly-opened Richards Cinema Bookstore!
   Now let me introduce some of the new film books in our store to you.
   Are you Chinese film fans? OK, here comes the latest 25 New Takes about Chinese films. It is a collection of 25 fresh readings of different Chinese films from the 1930s to the present. In recent years, Chinese films are very popular in the States, such as Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon, Hero, and Flowers of Shanghai.
   Do you like French films? Well, here is The French Cinema Book. It covers French films from the 1890s to the beginning of the 21st century. It is written for all lovers of French films: students and teachers, experts (专家) and fans, and so on.
   Maybe you are Indian film fans and star fans. Then here is Encyclopedia (百科全书) of Indian Cinema. The book is a complete introduction to all the best Indian films. It also offers a full list of names of the famous and successful film stars in the past ten years. You know, the Indian film industry is the largest in the world after our Hollywood.
   If you like British films, we have The British Cinema Book. It is a good review of British films.In our bookstore, you can also find books about Japanese, Australian, German and Italian films.
Well , please help yourselves to some coffee or tea, and have a good time here!

根据短文内容，判断正误。

In the front of many American homes you can see a mat(脚垫). This mat is sometimes called "welcome mat", because many of the mats have the word "welcome" on them.

Because Americans don't take off their shoes before going into the house, they need a welcome mat to clean their shoes. If the children don't clean their shoes on the mat, they may be scolded(被责骂) by their parents. If you go to an American home, please remember to clean your shoes on the mat, or you may be told to do so. "Different countries, different customs(习俗)."

阅读理解

Everyone has a family name. In China, the family name is the first name, but in English countries(国家)the family name is the last name. Do you know how English people get their family names? And what do they mean(意味着)? English people usually get their family name in these ways (方式).

Some family names come from the places(地方)of their homes. A man live(住)on or near a hill, his family name may be (可能是) Hill. In England(英国), people's names may be Wood, Lake because they live near the wood or the lake.

Some family names come from a person's job(职业). If a man is a cook, his family name may be Cook.

And many people get their family names from their father's family names. If you hear(听到) the name "Jackson", you can know that he is the son of Jack.

阅读理解

If you meet a British person in the street, it is very likely that he or she will apologize whether it is his or her fault（过错） or not.

It seems that Britain is becoming a nation where everyone is saying sorry. Almost each person says sorry about eight times each day-and one in eight people apologize as many as 20 times a day.

As you may have seen, the British apologize more often than members of other cultures. A research shows that in many cases, people's love of saying sorry in Britain goes a little further than it does for Americans. For example, about 15 British people would say"sorry" while only 10 from the[US would do this if they sneezed, if they corrected someone's mistake or if someone knocked into them.

In the old days, "sorry" was used to express regret and sadness for having done something wrong. But now British people use the expression as a way of showing good manners. For example, they might say "sorry" instead of "excuse me", "pardon", "what" or "whatever".

People in Britain also use sorry when they share the same feeling with others-so they might say "sorry about the rain".

However, British people's use of "sorry" may make things very confusing（迷惑不清）and difficult for foreigners who are not familiar with their ways. But actually, people in Britain pay much attention to the feelings of others. This is the very reason why they apologize every t day.

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