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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

上海市松江区2021届高三英语质量抽查试卷

阅读理解

Hazel Mayfield usually cooks the Thanksgiving meal for her extended family in Houston, Texas. She usually welcomes friends and neighbors who are eager to taste her fried turkey, green bean casserole, candied yams, homemade cornbread dressing, and dirty rice-just a few of her signature dishes. Known as Sugar Mama, because her grandchildren think she's so sweet, the 91-year-old typically likes to do her own shopping for the ingredients to make her special dishes.

"My mother is the head cook of the family," said Panulette Mouton, Mayfield's daughter. "Because of her reputation, you know, there're people in and out all day and every family comes through. They want to get some of Sugar Mama's cooking, and some of them would like to learn from her how to cook the food."

But Mayfield hasn't been to the grocery store since March. And there is little about Thanksgiving in 2020 that's usual. Because of Covid-19, the deadly virus that has killed millions in the U.S. and spoiled life around the world, everything is different. Since limiting close face-to-face contact with others is the best way to reduce its spread, hundreds of thousands of American families have re-imagined the holiday with virtual celebrations and canceled or delayed travel plans. There can only be small gatherings with people in their households in response to COVID-19.

This year, Mayfield's family members, without exception, are lamenting the absence of a big gathering. They've explained to their young children and grandchildren why this year's Thanksgiving is different. Mayfield's youngest daughter, Michelle Sanders, says it's tough to help her grandchildren understand why they can't see some of their other family members and why they have to stay at home, celebrating Thanksgiving all by themselves.

"It's really hard, trying to explain to them," Sanders said. "When-you're talking to them and they want to come over, you have to tell them no. They really don't know how to be careful." Sanders added, "And, they don't understand that, being three, four, and six, you know they don't really understand that. So, it's...it's really, really hard, and heartbreaking."

(1)、According to the passage, Hazel Mayfield is ________.
A、helpful and kind-hearted B、stubborn and enthusiastic C、talented and instructive D、grateful and sensitive
(2)、The underlined word in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by ________.
A、fascinated by B、upset about C、ignorant of D、embarrassed at
(3)、What can we infer from what Sanders said in the last paragraph?
A、Children are too young to understand the situation. B、Children are always careless on Thanksgiving Day. C、It's tough to help children overcome their problems. D、Adults should show patience when talking with kids.
(4)、What do we know about the effect of COVID-19 according to the passage?
A、People are cutting down holiday celebration expenses. B、People are trying hard to get together to have more fun. C、People have to make changes in their lifestyle to stay safe. D、People have put more emphasis on the traditional customs.
举一反三
阅读理解

    What is success?I am not going to try to define success.I think a precise definition is impossible!Is it winning a Gold Medal at the Olympic Games or winning Wimbledon,or being awarded a Nobel Prize?What else?I believe personal success could be anything at all—it does not have to involve public recognition.Who is more successful?A millionaire who is unhappy,or an unnoticed person,who has led a simple,quiet,sincere and happy life?The simplest definition of success,I think,is "to set out to do something and to succeed in doing it".

    The first step on the road to success starts with belief.Believe you can succeed and you will.Achieving success in whatever endeavor(努力)you choose may be the goal of life;because it gives you freedom from worry.Could that be?

Success means different things to every one of us.Some people believe it is measured in financial terms,others believe it is helping others rather than helping themselves.However,most people are motivated to a great extent by public recognition.How many people are really happy?How many people are really doing what they want to with their lives?Incidentally,the ability to imagine makes us different from animals.

    Most important of all,I believe success is a matter of personal growth.If every day you are developing or growing just a millimeter,I believe one is successful.Just being a slightly better person each day for me is success. I've got a very long way to go then!

    Finally,always remember success is a process and is not simply a matter of arriving at a destination.It's the journey that really matters.Success is what you become in the often very difficult and dangerous journey down the river of life.

阅读理解

    If a stranger offered you money to keep a suitcase in your spare room,would you accept? How about the other way round:if you had too many belongings,would you consider trusting someone you met online with their safekeeping? Anthony Paine believed enough of us would answer “yes” to these questions to launch his own startup(新兴公司),Stashbee.His business links people with space to those who need it.

    And it's just one player in the booming “sharing economy”,an industry that relies on people renting out things like their beds,bikes and even parking spaces.Airbnb,a company valued at 200bn RMB,provides a platform for those renting property short-term.DogVacay pairs holidaymaking pet owners with pet-friendly hosts,and aims to be profitable by 2017.

    All their business models revolve around one simple word:trust.So,how does Stashbee measure up? BBC journalist Dougal Shaw decided to try it out for himself.He had some odds and ends to store while renovating his house,and met a host through the site who could keep them for 475 RMB for two months.All relatively smooth and painless.

    Heavyweights(行业巨头)in the traditional storage industry,such as Big Yenow and Access,aren't convinced.A representative from Access told Shaw he was skeptical about storing with “amateurs”.He considered 24/7(全天候) access to the items and better security as the main advantages of his service.

    Stashbee agree that dealing with security concerns is important,but say business success depends more on people overcoming a distrust of strangers we've been taught since childhood. They aren't alone.Companies such as Costockage,Roost and Spacer all run similar storage businesses,and are all relying on a shift in consumer attitudes.

    And the concept of social storage doesn't stop there.CityStasher believe there's a gap in the market for those who want to store things for extremely short periods of time.

    Would you try it out? It's a question of trust.

阅读理解

    Forcing waiters and waitresses to survive on tips from customers rather than normal wages is a pointless, crude, and unique American custom that, in the past several years, a handful of progressive restaurant owners have attempted to do away with. Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the company's 13 restaurants.

    What, exactly, is wrong with tipping? As Brian Palmer has explained, more or less it's everything. To start, leaving a waiter's pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (阶级歧视). And in theory, handing restaurant customers the power to tip is at least supposed to motivate better service. This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (随意的) about their tipping behavior. Research has shown that the amount diners tip has very little to do with their level of satisfaction. All of this doesn't encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.

    Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips between front-of-the-house workers like waiters, hosts, hostesses, and bartenders (调酒师), but not cooks. This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant can earn more than the people preparing it.

    One of the most fascinating parts of Meyer's move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who have taken an anti-tipping stand, he won't simply add a standard extra charge to diners' bills. Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it would almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.

阅读理解

    GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.

    Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness(认真)and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice—once towards the end of each volunteer's time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.

    When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either—except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.

    That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.

    Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people's choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.

阅读理解

    Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

    For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything.

    Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.

    But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.

    That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air.

    We explored side roads, catching grasshopper in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car window, at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons(见识).

    We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.

    I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.

    On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.

    Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey-and the best part of yourself.

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