阅读理解C Bigger isn&#039;t always better. Many scientists will agree. This year the Nobel Prize gave the biggest priz...

题型：阅读选择题类：常考题难易度：普通

广西南宁市第十八中学2016-2017学年九年级上学期英语期中考试试卷（含小段音频）

阅读理解

Bigger isn't always better. Many scientists will agree. This year the Nobel Prize gave the biggest prizes to findings on the smallest things. Self-eating cells

This year's winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine is from Japan. According to his research, cells (细胞) sometimes "eat" themselves to keep healthy. In other words, cells can break down old ones and use the useful parts to make new cells, or to fight off viruses (病毒). This new finding could help scientists fight many diseases.

Small machines

Three scientists from France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands (荷兰) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on small machines. How small? Well, they are a thousand times thinner than a strand (缕) of hair. We can't see them with only our eyes! This technology will open a whole new world for us. For example, we could make very small robots in the future. A doctor could put them into our body. Like policemen, the robots look for the ill parts in our body, and send the medicine right there.

Super-state

As teachers said in your physics class, most things in the world are in three states: solids (固体), liquids (液体) and gases . But at very low or high temperatures, things can turn into a strange state. For example, break down things to their smallest pieces and we get "atoms" (原子). Like Lego building blocks, atoms usually add up to become a 3-D thing, like a box. But atoms in the strange state don't. They stay together and become a flat thing, like a piece of paper.

This is a new finding of three British-born scientists. And they won the Nobel Prize in Physics this year. They hope to use things in this strange state to make new materials.

About the Prize

The Nobel Prize was started by Swedish inventor, Alfred Nobel in 1895. It gives prizes to great science research and the people behind it. Every year in October, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decides who wins. It includes six prizes: chemistry, physics, physiology (生理学) or medicine, peace, literature (文学) and economic. This year each winner gets a medal and prize money of more than 6 million yuan.

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。

（1）、This year's winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine is from_______.

A、France B、The United Kingdom C、The Netherlands D、Japan

（2）、Three scientists won this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on_______.

A、hair B、blood C、small machines D、big robots

（3）、What can the tiny robots do for patients?

A、Call a doctor for patients. B、Look for the ill parts in our body and send the medicine right there. C、Help patients call the police quickly. D、Help patients take medicine.

（4）、Which of the following is TRUE for the Nobel Prize for Physics this year?

A、All the things in the world are in three states. B、Things can turn into a strange state when the temperature is very high or low. C、Only one of the scientists was born in Britain. D、Scientists hope to use things in this strange state to make food.

（5）、Which of the following is true?

A、The Nobel Prize includes six prizes. B、The Nobel Prize was started in 1995 C、This year each winner only gets a medal. D、Every year in October, the president of America decides who wins the prize.

举一反三

   People cannot reach an agreement on the use of science and technology. For example, will radiation from electronic equipment destroy the environment? Should medical scientists change gene structures to prevent genetic disease or to create “more perfect” human beings? While people are arguing about these and others, technology continues to influence our everyday lives—the home, health and education, entertainment and communication, and so on.
   Some people carry on active social lives with computers —their own or the ones in public places like cafes, social centers, libraries, and so on. Communicating with others in chat rooms, computer users can get to know people they might never meet in traditional ways. With live online video connections, two people with cameras in their computers can see and talk to each other from separate places.
   With modern telephone technology, most people stopped writing lettters—especially personal letters and notes. But now, writing to communicate has returned in electronic form, or e-mail, which is a way of sending messages from one computer to another. For some computer users, the wish to communicate intelligently or creatively with others makes them want to write better.
   Computer technology has also made it possible to run a house electronically. From turning lights on and off to starting the coffee and cooking the hot meal, computers are taking care of people at home. Many modern machines have computer chips that allow their owners to program them. For instance, you can “instruct” a microwave oven how to cook a dish. Most entertainment equipment operates with computer technology too. Computers can even start cars automatically so that on cold winter mornings you can get into a warmed-up vehicle and drive off.
   Although much of the technology in our everyday lives has good effects, there are some uses that raise questions. For example, are interactive media ( i.e., a combination of television, telephone, and computer) going to control minds, cause people to forget about family life and personal relationships? What effects will the genentic engineering of food have on people's health? High-tech medical treatments can make a person live a much longer life, but can they improve the health and happiness of human beings? Only time will tell, but, in the meantime, science and technology will continue to move forward.

      Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大气）, because this is where the weather forms. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.
      Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.
     So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.

       Learning about the environment is very important. There are many good books that will help you learn. To get started, ask your teacher or your friends for some advice. You can also look at some good websites with information about the environment and climate change. Climate change may be a big problem, but there are many little things we can do to make a difference.
       Driving a car or using electricity is not wrong. We just have to be smart about it. Some people use less energy by sharing a car. For example, four people can ride together in one car instead of driving four cars to work. Whenever we use electricity, we put greenhouse gases into the air. By turning off the lights, the television, and the computer when they aren't needed, you can help a lot.
Don't buy products (产品) that use too much energy. Some products, like certain cars, are made specially to save energy. These cars can travel longer on less gasoline (汽油). They don't pollute as much, either. Products like computers, TVs and VCRs with the ENERGY STAR label (标签) are made to save energy. Buying products with these labels will help protect the environment.
    Buy recyclable (可循环再用的) products instead of non-recyclable ones. Recyclable products are usually made out of things that have already been used. It usually takes less energy to make recyclable products than to make new ones. So when you go shopping, look for the recycle mark on the package. The less energy we use, the better.

    When you are in England, you must be very careful in the streets because the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street, you must look to the right first and then left. If the traffic lights are red, the traffic must stop. Then the people on foot can cross the road.
    If the traffic lights are green, the traffic can go. People on foot mustn't cross. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most dangerous then.
    When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. Have a look first or you will go the wrong way.
   In many English cities, there are big buses with two floors. You can sit on the second floor. From there you can see the city very clearly. It's very interesting.

根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出正确选项

Nobody knows how many different languages there are in the world. The most widely used language is English. It's used by business people, airline pilots all over the world. It's also the first language of sports and science. So it's very important for us to learn English.

English is most widely spoken in the world, while Chinese has the largest number of speakers. There are not only over one billion people living in China, but also many Chinese people living outside China. You can find large or small groups of Chinese people living in almost every country in the world.

There are some other important languages in the world, too. Chinese is of course very important, especially in Asia. Arabic is widely spoken in many parts of Asia and Africa. Russian is spoken both in Europe and Asia. French is widely understood, not only in Europe, but also in parts of Canada, Africa and Asia. Spanish has a growing number of speakers all over the world, especially in Central and South Africa.

What language do people speak in the United Nations? There are so many different languages in the world, but they decide to use only six of them. They are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Everything spoken or written in one language is translated into the other five.

阅读理解

Caterpillars (毛虫) are often used as fish bait (鱼饵). However, the creatures may get a better life — they are now setto join the war on plastic wastes.

Federica Bertocchini isa Spanish scientist. When she's not working in her lab, Bertocchini keeps bees.One day, when she looked at her hives(蜂箱), she found dozens of caterpillars called waxworms(蜡虫). These insects are often used to feed fish. In the wild, however,they live in beehives, feeding on the wax that bees use to build theirhoneycombs(蜂巢). Bertocchini picked out the caterpillarsand put them in a plastic bag. Surprisingly, when she returned to the bag aftercleaning out the hives, she found it full of holes. The worms had eaten theirway out.

Bertocchini came up withan interesting question: Were the waxworms digesting(消化) the plastic? Then she got in touch with peersat the University of Cambridge, Paolo Bombelli and Christopher Howe. Accordingto their paper in Current Biology, some chemical or combination of chemicalswithin the insects can really break down plastics.

Bertocchini and hercolleagues discovered that it took a waxworm about 12 hours to eat up amilligram of plastic shopping bag. However, the scientists warned that it wouldbe at least several years before they release(释放) waxworms into the environment. They want to know if the insectsare using the plastic as a food, or just because they want to escape. If theyjust want to escape, they are going to get fed up very soon. But if they'reusing it as an energy source, it's a completely different game. Anotherquestion lies in the insects' feces(粪便). If the fecesturn out to be poisonous, then there will be little point in pursuing(追究) the matter.

"It's certainly notgoing to be the case that within six months we've solved the world's plasticproblem," said Howe. "l wouldn't want people to think that within afew months, they can start throwing away plastic bags without worrying aboutit."

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