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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

四川省蓉城2019-2020学年高二下学期期中英语试题

阅读理解

Donald Kennedy would probably be amused by an old friend's tribute (颂词) to him as "very close to being a Renaissance man."

It's hard to argue with the facts. The 8 years he served as editor-in-chief of Science was only the final chapter in a long and very exceptional career. He spent most of it at Stanford University, including 12 years as its president, interrupted by a 2-year head of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration under former President Jimmy Carter. But the Harvard University-trained neurobiologist wore those and other honors lightly, driven by a greedy curiosity about the world and a wish to help make it a better place.

Kennedy, who died on 21 April of COVID-19 at age 88, enjoyed his role as a scientist, educator, public servant, and communicator, recalls Tom Grumbly, who was his assistant at FDA. "A brilliant, funny, very special person," says Grumbly, who leads a foundation that claims increased support for agricultural research. "He could talk on any level to people about science, without placing himself above them. And he could stand shoulder to shoulder with the best scientists in the world."

The combination of a towering intellect and a genuine concern for the individual served Kennedy well at Science. "He was a wonderful partner at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)," says Alan Leshner, a former longtime chief executive at AAAS, which publishes Science. "He contributed his wisdom about science and public policy to our efforts on behalf of the community."

As editor from 2000 to 2008, Kennedy led the journal through some high-profile (备受瞩目) controversies and quickly produced editorials (社论) on all matters affecting its readers. And it wasn't his nature to step backward.

In that 2008 editorial, Kennedy offered advice to Alberts, his successor, on editing a scientific journal. But it could also stand as an epitaph (墓志铭) on his long career in the public stage.

"Be as fair as you can, sympathize with anger, confess institutional error when appropriate, and be firm," Kennedy wrote. "And when the disappointed complain to members of the AAAS Board, remember to smile!"

(1)、What do we know about Kennedy from the first three paragraphs?
A、He worked at Stanford University after serving in Science. B、He had a strong desire to make the world work for better. C、He led a foundation to strongly support agricultural research. D、He respected ordinary people but looked down on scientists.
(2)、What did Kennedy intend to tell Alberts in his advice?
A、Working for Science is not as easy. B、Seeing the editorial work as a career. C、Holding truth firm with a broad mind. D、Remembering to smile while working.
(3)、Which of the following can best describe Kennedy?
A、Curious and funny. B、Amusing and greedy. C、Crazy and controversial. D、Intellectual and caring.
(4)、What is the writer's purpose of writing this passage?
A、To honor Kennedy. B、To introduce a celebrity. C、To remind us of Science. D、To tell a life story.
举一反三
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

    Writing journals has been one of the most helpful things I've ever done. Through writing journals I've not only learned a lot about myself, but also removed a lot of obsessive (烦恼的) thoughts, by writing them down and considering them.

   Journals give you a place to write down your honest thoughts without being afraid of what people will think of you. There are some ideas for writing journals:

     Draw pictures

    Write poetry or short stories

    Goals: daily and long-term

    Respond to a magazine article that you are interested in

     Write about obsessive thoughts and try to find what's causing them

     A list of things you are proud of (It can always increase your confidence when you need it)

     Make a pro/con (赞成/反对) list when you're trying to make a decision: most of the time the decision will start to be clearer afterwards

   The best way to start is to decide where you want to write your journal. (Though it's called the journal, it doesn't mean you can only do it in a “journal”) . If you like the traditional style of journals, then use a notebook, blank paper or graph paper, whichever you like best. If you prefer to go digital, start a blog. You can make the blog public or private, and it's a good way to keep track of articles or pictures you find online. (You can link to them.)

   Even if you feel there's nothing for you to write about at first, you might be surprised to find that once you start, you can't stop.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

    People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things. The pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.

    Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they want to get some advantages in social position or fortune(财), nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections(反对), no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrong doings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them. Otherwise, it can be unpleasing and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

阅读理解

    Some idiomatic phrases in English, often used in both spoken and written language, are very confusing! They don't even make sense when you first see them. However, using one of these phrases correctly when speaking or writing to an English speaker is very impressive and shows that you are comfortable with the language. Here are some wonderful and interesting British idioms. Use them wisely.

    When pigs fly!

This expression is one of my favorites and I use it all the time. It is used primarily when speaking, meaning that something is extremely unlikely or impossible. For example, "I will forgive him when pigs fly!" "When do you think you will get a gym membership, Lucy?" "When pigs fly!"

    A penny for your thoughts?

This question is used in a situation where someone appears thoughtful or is very quiet seeming lost in thought. But remember that you don't actually have to pay them a penny if they do tell you what is going on! For example, "You've been a bit quiet this evening, Pete. A penny for your thoughts?"

    It's the bee's knees

The phrase dates back to the 1920s, and refers to an extraordinary person, thing, idea, and so on. For example, "Try this chocolate. It's the bee's knees."

    To feel a bit under the weather

    I use this expression in many different situations but most use it to refer to feeling ill, or unwell. You would not use this phrase if you were feeling extremely unwell. It is only for those times when you are feeling a little ill or suffering from something slightly like a cold or a cough. However, this can also be used to refer to feeling emotionally low.

阅读理解

    On a clear night, you can see a sky paced with stars. But you can't see planets orbiting any of these stars, even with the strongest Earth—based telescopes. Astronomers reported that they discovered seven Earth—sized planets orbiting a nearby star called TRAPPIST – 1 in February. They had to rely on indirect evidence to tell them that the planets are there. By doing some math, they figured out the number of planets and the distance of their orbits.

    TRAPPIST – 1 is a red dwarf (红矮星), much smaller than our sun, but larger than Jupiter (木星). If the sun were the size of a basketball, TRAPPIST – 1would be the size of a gold ball. This star is one of our closest neighbors, just like the moon to the earth in space.

    When astronomers using Earth-based telescopes to study TRAPPIST – 1,they noticed that every once in a while, it became slightly dim(昏暗). They decided that a planet must be passing in front of the star, blocking part of the light. This dimming would come and go as the planet orbited the star, passing alternately (交替地) behind and in front of the star regularly.

    By making careful observations, astronomers expected to get a rough idea of the planet's size from the pattern of dimming light. But the light level changed often and not at evenly spaced (均匀间隔的) times. The astronomers had to conclude they were looking at more than one planet! To get additional data, NASA's spritzer Space Telescope measured TRAPPIST –1's brightness nearly continuously for 20 days, catching 34 crossings of planets in front of the star. Sorting through the mess of data, the astronomers found that the innermost planet completes its orbit in 1.5 Earth days, while the outermost planet takes 20 days. Once you know how long it takes each planet to complete an orbit, you can work out how far it is from the star compared with the other planets.

    The TRAPPIST – 1 planets are not alone. So far, astronomers have found more than 3,400 planets that orbit other stars.

阅读理解

                                                                                              America's top comic book stores

    New York City, NY - JHU Comic Books

    NYC has a number of impressive comic book stores. While other comic book stores in the city fill their shelves with other products like cards and board games, JHU focuses only on the comics themselves, with shelves filled with great selections of the latest releases and back issues from wall to wall. (32 East 32nd St, 212 — 268 — 7088)

    Austin, TX-Austin Books & Comics

    Opened in 1977, Austin Books &. Comics is one of Texas' biggest and longest running comic book stores. Not only do they sell the latest issues, they also carry many first editions and back issues. Good news is that they often hold regular book purchase discount activities, which means that you'd better consult them before your visit. (5002 N Lamar Blvd, 512-454-4197)

    Washington D. C. - Big Planet Comics

    This store, originally from Georgetown, prefers the more independent, small-press titles as well as stuff from Europe and Japan that your kids probably haven't even heard of, but they also carry the more popular ones. True to its name, BPC has established its own comic book world, with book signing and meet-and-greet events, and their very own, though tiny, comic book publishing house. (1520 U St NW, 202 —342 —1961)

    Portland 9 OR - Floating World Comics

    Floating World Comics is not only a comic book store but a community hosting art shows. Priding itself on cool style, this is an ideal place for comic books, where art books fill shelves just as much as the more mainstream comics. Both the future artists and the comic book lovers in your family will more than appreciate a stopover during your Portland vacation. (400 NW Couch St, 503-241-0227)

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