in a nutshell    make great efforts      take off   end up    put out

in all      set fire to      take in      give out    look through

on average       put off

    The Father of JD Printing

    About twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls' bone structure was {#blank#}1{#/blank#} using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems. Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor {#blank#}3{#/blank#} 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.

    At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he {#blank#}5{#/blank#} a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it – and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is {#blank#}6{#/blank#}.

    After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, {#blank#}7{#/blank#} getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first {#blank#}8{#/blank#} product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the {#blank#}10{#/blank#} spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.

Bad News for Apple; Good News for Humanity

    When Apple cut its revenue estimate(收益预期) for the last quarter of 2018 because of unexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets trembled. The company's share price, which had been {#blank#}1{#/blank#} for months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news came out. Apple's suppliers' shares were also hit.

    Analysts assume that the number of smartphones sold in 2018 will be slightly lower than in 2017, the industry's first ever annual decline. All this is terrible news for investors who had {#blank#}2{#/blank#} on continued growth. But step back and look at the bigger picture. That smartphone sales have peaked, and seem to be {#blank#}3{#/blank#} off at around 1.4billion units a year, is good news for humanity. The slowdown is actually the result of market saturation (饱和), which hits Apple the hardest because, despite a relatively small market share (13% of smartphone users), it captures almost all of the industry's {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. But Apple's pain is humanity's gain. The fact that the benefits of these magical devices are now so widely {#blank#}5{#/blank#} is something to be celebrated.

    Now many phones are used for longer than three years, often as hand-me-downs. Replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only {#blank#}6{#/blank#} improvements. So even with flat sales, the longer {#blank#}7{#/blank#} between upgrades mean people who already have phones benefit. For all but the most addicted device fans, the slowing pace of upgrades comes as a welcome {#blank#}8{#/blank#}.

    Does that mean innovation is slowing? No. As computers become smaller, still more {#blank#}9{#/blank#} and closer to people's bodies, many technicians expect that wearable devices, from smart watches to AR headsets, will be the next big thing. Even so, finding another product with the scope of the smartphone is a tall order. The smartphone holds its {#blank#}10{#/blank#} as the device that will make computing and communications worldwide. The recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, obviously. But for the rest of humanity it is a welcome sign that a transformative technology has become almost universal.

    Now, let me say a few words to our American friends. Climate change is one of the major{#blank#}1{#/blank#}of our time. It is already changing our daily lives but it is global. Everyone is impacted. And if we do nothing, our children will know a world of migrations, of wars, of shortage. A dangerous world. It is not the future we want for ourselves. It is not the future we want for our children. It is not the future we want for our world.

    Today, the President of the United States, Donald Trump, announced his decision to {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the United States from the Paris Agreement. I do respect his decision, but I do think it is an actual mistake both for the US and for our planet.

    I just said it to President Trump, in a few words a few minutes ago this{#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Tonight, I wish to tell the United States: France believes in you. The world believes in you. I know that you are a great nation. I know your history, our common history.

To all the scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and responsible citizens who were disappointed by the decision of the president of the United States, I want to say they will find in France a second homeland. I call on them—come and work here with us, to work together on{#blank#}4{#/blank#}solutions for our climate, our environment. I can assure you: France will not give up the fight.

    I reaffirm clearly that Paris agreement will remain irreversible and will be {#blank#}5{#/blank#}not just by France, but by all the other nations. Over the coming hours, I will have the opportunity to speak with our main partners to define a common strategy and to launch new {#blank#}6{#/blank#}. I already know that I can count on them.

    I call on you to remain confidence. We will succeed, because we are {#blank#}7{#/blank#}, because wherever we live, whoever we are, we all share the same responsibility to make our planet great again.

    Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United States. He became a{#blank#}1{#/blank#} voice in the year before the Civil War.

    A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Douglass's birth and Black History Month with reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a{#blank#}3{#/blank#}  site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglass's personal possessions, had undergone a three-year {#blank#}4{#/blank#} . (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don't have to live in the nation's capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)

He was born in Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father who never knew Douglass grew up to become the first black {#blank#}5{#/blank#} to hold a government office— as US minister and consul general (总领事)to Haiti.

    As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so he{#blank#}6{#/blank#}  taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity.

    In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system {#blank#}7{#/blank#} up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the {#blank#}8{#/blank#} , housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.

    He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass {#blank#}9{#/blank#}  the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15^th Amendment to the US Constitution (美国宪法修正案), which{#blank#}10{#/blank#} African-Americans the right to vote.

It is one of the great unsolved {#blank#}1{#/blank#}of this century.

He was being very {#blank#}2{#/blank#}about where he was going.