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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

广东省佛山市南海区2021届高三上学期英语摸底测试试卷

阅读理解

If you're like many people, you may have decided that you want to spend less time staring at your phone. It's a good idea: an increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is affecting our sleep, self-respect, relationships, memory, attention, creativity, productivity and problem solving and decision-making skills.

Until now, most discussions of phones' biochemical effects have focused on dopamine (多巴胺), a brain chemical that helps us form habits. Smart-phones and apps are designed to cause dopamine's release, with the goal of making our phones difficult to put down.

But our phones' effects on cortisol (皮质醇) are potentially even more alarming. Cortisol is our primary fight-or-flight hormone. Its release (释放) causes our bodies' changes, such as a jump in blood pressure, heart rate and blood sugar, that help us react to and survive acute physical threats. But by raising levels of cortisol, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.

The average American spends four hours a day staring at their smart-phone and keeps it within arm's reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment. The result, as Google has noted in a report, is that "mobile phones loaded with social media, email and news apps" create "a constant sense of commitment bringing unintended personal stress."

"Your cortisol levels are increased when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it," says David Greenfield, professor at the University of Connecticut School. "It's a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body's natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away."

But while doing so might comfort you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you're likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another increase in cortisol and another desire to check your phone to your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously strengthened, leads to increased cortisol levels, which have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, high blood pressure, heart attack and so on.

(1)、What phone-related effect is dopamine responsible for?
A、Memory loss. B、Increased mental stress. C、A behavioral addiction. D、Poor sleep quality.
(2)、What can we infer about cortisol according to the text?
A、Its decrease will improve heart rate. B、Its release will lower blood pressure. C、Its release has no benefits for humans. D、Its increase is related to personal stress.
(3)、What may be further talked about after the last paragraph?
A、Ways to make phones less stressful. B、Benefits of reducing dopamine levels. C、Reasons why cortisol levels are increased. D、Bad results of checking phones frequently.
(4)、In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A、Entertainment. B、Health. C、Technology. D、Education.
举一反三
阅读理解

    I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.

    War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.

    The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled(爬under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.

    Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”

    Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.

阅读理解

    Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways. When people cheat, it's not fair to other people, like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game.

Many people like the action of cheating. It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesn't solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won't help on the next test — unless the person cheats again.

    Some people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and maybe at home, too.

    Some kids cheat because they're busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can't pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn't a good idea.

    If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldn't study, it would be better to talk with the teacher about this. And if you don't have enough time to study for a test because of swim practice, you need to talk with your parents about how to balance swimming and school.

    A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some solutions together. Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than cheating.

阅读理解

    When I was going home to India last year, I called up my mother to ask if she wanted anything from China.

    When India had not opened up its markets to the world, I carried suitcase loads of dark glasses and jeans. Thankfully, we can get all these anywhere in India now.

    Still, her answer surprised me, “Green tea.”

    As long as I can remember she didn't even drink Indian tea.

    I dutifully bought a big packet of Longjing and headed home to hear the story. My mother and her brother, both regular newspaper readers, believed that Chinese green tea was the wonder drug for all illnesses.

    At the turn of the century,China was not really familiar to the average Indians. It was a strange country.

    How things change! And how soon!

    Now every town of any size seems to have a “China Market”. And everyone is talking about China.

    The government of India has planned to send a team to China to see how things are done. A minister once said that India must open the doors for more foreign investments(投资) and such a step would “work wonders as it did for China”.

    But it's a two way street. I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China.

    No wonder that trade, which was only in the millions just ten years ago,was expected to hit about $15 billion for last year and $20 billion by 2008, a goal set by both governments.

    No wonder,my colleague wrote some weeks ago about this being the Sino-Indian(中印) century as the two countries started on January 1 the Sino-Indian Friendship Year.

    But what is still a wonder to me is my mother drinking Chinese tea.

阅读理解

    The writings of Shakespeare are today little read by young people in Britain. His young readership is limited to those who choose to study literature at university.

    Shakespeare's work, together with most other classics, is seen as remote, and written in a 400­year­old version of English that is about as inviting as toothache.

    Still, in Britain schools, it is compulsory to study the bard(诗人), and when something is made compulsory, usually the result is boredom, resentment(憎恨) or both.

    This was my experience of the classics at school. But when I reached my late teenage years, I had a change of heart. Like every other young person since the dawn of time, the world confused me. I wanted answers, so I turned to books to find them.

    I went on to take a PhD in literature and have taught it in Britain and China. I have never regretted it. There is something in literature that people want, even if they don't read books. You see this in the popularity of TV and movie adaptations of great works, the recent film version of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice being a case in point. These popular adaptations may help increase people's interest in the classics.

    Reading a simplified Romeo and Juliet may perhaps lead to a reading of Shakespeare's actual play. If that is the case, then I welcome the trend. But do not make the mistake of thinking that it is the same thing. Shakespeare is a poet. His greatness is in his language. Reading someone else's rewriting of his work is like peeling a banana, throwing away the fruit, and eating the skin. Take on the original. It really is worth the effort.

阅读理解

    Many of us just laugh it away when they are told incredible (难以置信的) stories about other people, but I have a deep interest in these stories and I prefer to believe they are true. Here's one I collected from a total stranger.

    "Well, I was 11 when my family arrived at Fern Lake overlooking Trail Ridge Road in Rocky Mountain National Park. It was so beautiful to look miles across the Rockies and thousands of feet below into the valley. My parents were busy getting lunch out of the trunk so I climbed over the wooden fence to get closer to the cliff edge in the hope that I wouldn't miss any beautiful sight down there.

    I started down a little hill but soon started sliding on loose pebble rocks(鹅卵石). I fell on my back, but kept going faster and faster to what seemed the edge of the world (a 2,000 foot drop). In seconds I knew I was going to die. My feet and legs went first over the edge at a high speed. Then suddenly I felt two hands push hard on my chest and stopped me dead. My heart was racing and I slowly inched my body back to where I finally could make it back up the hill.

    My father was waiting there and screaming at me for doing such a dangerous stunt (特技). I tried to tell him and my mom about the hands that held me back, but to this day they don't believe me. They thought I was just trying to get out of trouble with a made-up story.”

    We parted ways, but I assured her that I believed every word of her story. I could see a little surprise and happiness on her face.

    That's why I always ask people to share their miracles (奇迹). Each real story makes my days full of hope and gratefulness.

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