题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
江苏省南通市2020-2021学年高三上学期英语开学检测1试卷
注意:每个空格只填一个单词。
Count your blessings (祝福), we're told, but it's just not in our nature. We'd rather count our problems. We're so used to focusing on bad news that we tend to pay no attention to what's going well. As soon as we solve one problem, we take the progress for granted and find a new cause for alarm. Every now and again it doesn't hurt to think how good we have it. Start counting:
1 Free time
As much as we complain about being busy, the typical American has more free time than ever—more than five hours per day. If you feel too busy, it's probably only because you're doing so many other things than work. Experts say there'll be even more free time in the future.
2 Peace
Wars and terrorist attacks will always make headlines, but it's remarkable how many of the world's 6. 7 billion people now live in peace. In recent decades, though the population has been growing, the number of wars around the world has declined.
In some earlier generations, a quarter of the male population died violent deaths. Over the past century, even counting the world wars, a person's chance of dying from war was less than 2 percent.
3 American dream
While some people are struggling to keep their homes, the vast majority of Americans still have plenty to be thankful for when they walk through the front door. In 1950 the typical new American house had one floor with 1,000 square feet, two bedrooms, and one bathroom—and even that bungalow was beyond many people's means. Today, more than two thirds of Americans own their homes, and the typical new house has two floors, at least three bedrooms, two and a half baths, and more than 2, 200 square feet of space for the family.
4 The reader's revolution
In 1970 barely half the people in the world were literate, and many of them could afford only a few books. Today, more than 80 percent of the world's people can read, and 22 percent have access to the greatest library in history. The Web provides classic books and reference works free of charge.
5 More wilderness
Once you travel beyond the cities, you'll find plenty of open space and peaceful forests. Many of the woodlands cleared by settlers have returned now that the land is no longer needed for agriculture.
6 The modern cars
Cars give off greenhouse gases and create maddening traffic jams, but consider what else they do. Compared with the models on the road in 1970, today's cars burn less gasoline per mile and emit 98 percent fewer pollutants. That's why, despite the doubling of the number of cars, there's much less smog in the air. The basic car today offers more comforts and safety than the luxury (豪华) cars of old.
Title |
Six reasons to be thankful |
Problems |
We tend to focus on our problems and what's going well. Even with problems solved immediately, we still ourselves with a new course. |
The blessings we should count |
Today Americans have more free than ever. |
The number of people dying of wars has declined despite the in population. |
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Owing a two-floor house with at least 3 bedrooms has been within the of most Americans today. |
|
More reading materials are to readers and more than 80% can read. |
|
More land for agriculture has made for wood lands. |
|
Modern cars produce less pollution and are more . |
|
The basic cars are much and more . |
Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”. In other words, whether you're seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, you've got to move forward. We've interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情):
Over a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120, 000 people how income, education, political participation volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness. Reported Newsweek, s Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships. ”
Singing aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand: all may increase a feeling of happiness, according to a study from Wake Forest University. Participants(参与者)followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn.
The editors of forbes. Com gave $5 or $20 to 46 strangers by chance. Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves, while the other half was told to spend it on others. Those who'd shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who'd spent it on themselves. There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20, suggesting that it's not how much money you spend, but how you spend it, that inspires the spirit.
Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.
Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful. A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脱水) affected the moods of its female participants.
Title | {#blank#}1{#/blank#}for Happiness | |
Introduction | You will move{#blank#}2{#/blank#}in the course of finding happiness | |
The findings of{#blank#}3{#/blank#} | Some{#blank#}4{#/blank#}toward happiness | |
·Value your relationships | ·The{#blank#}5{#/blank#}happiness lies in the most stable and satisfying relationships | |
{#blank#}6{#/blank#}yourself | ·You can gain happiness by singing aloud or talking to others | |
·Spend money on others | ·Your spirit will be inspired by{#blank#}7{#/blank#}the wealth | |
{#blank#}8{#/blank#}on the positive | ·Your attitude would be improved when you fix your attention on good things. | |
·Drink water | ·If a woman takes in enough water,her{#blank#}9{#/blank#}of happiness may remain. | |
Conclusion | Happiness can be found if all{#blank#}10{#/blank#}have been done. |
Our series The Genius Behind will take you inside the minds of people who are making the impossible possible. Whether it is designing the fastest ever land vehicle, helping the blind to see or creating space history, success relies levels of knowledge to new heights . What can we learn about genius from minds? Based on the people and the projects outlined in the series, we've come up with five lessons.
Lesson one: New challenges require new ways of thinking
Bloodhound SSC aims to be the first vehicle to break the 1,000 mph barrier. One of the key challenge has been to design the wheels. Thinking twice, Mark Chapman, chief engineer decided to change the way they were trying to solve problems and came up with a wheel design, part car, part jet fighter and part spaceship, which would hold together and was strong enough.
Lesson two: Let evidence share your opinion
Geophysicists widely believed that water on Earth originated from comets. But by studying rocks, Steven Jacobsen discovered water hidden inside, suggesting that the oceans gradually made its way out of the planet's interior many centuries ago. “Unfortunately, I had a pretty hard time convincing others,” he admits. Only time can tell whether the new theories are true.
Lesson three: It really is 99% efforts
Sheila Nirenberg at Cornell University is trying to develop a new prosthetic device(假肢器官)for treating blindness. “Sometimes I'm exhausted and I get burnt out,” she adds. “But then I get an email from somebody saying that they can't see their own children's faces, and it is like, 'How can I possibly complain? Once I thought of this, I couldn't eat, I couldn't sleep—all I wanted to do was work'. It gives me the energy to just go back and keep doing it.”
Lesson four: The answer isn't always what you expect
Sylvia Earle has spent decades trying to see the ocean with new eyes. Her “dream machine” is a submarine that could take scientists all the way to the bottom of the deepest ocean floor what sort of material could best withstand the types of pressure y would encounter thousands of miles below the ocean surface?” It could be steel, it could be titanium, it could be some sort of ceramic, or some kind of aluminium system,” says Earle. “But glass is the best choice.”
Lesson five: A little luck goes a long way
It was considered as one of the biggest success stories in the history of space exploration—20 years of planning ended earlier this year with the Philae lander landing safely Comet 67P over 300 million miles(480 million kilometers)away from Earth, though Philae's anchoring harpoons(锚定鱼叉)didn't fire as planned.
As a matter of fact, genius is difficult to define. “Genius is a funny word,” says Nirenberg. “I just sort of ignore it and just go on with life. You just do what you do regardless of whatever label's attached to you. I don't know really how else to explain it.
Title: Give lessons to be a Genius | |
Passage outlines | Supporting details |
Introduction | Our series The Genius Behind will bring you to get close to the real genius and learn lessons from their {#blank#}1{#/blank#} |
Five lessons {#blank#}2{#/blank#}genius | ●New ways of thinking for new challenges To be the first vehicle to break the 1,000 mph barrier, Bloodhound SSC adopted the technologies{#blank#}3{#/blank#}to car, jet fighter and spaceship. ●Evidence of shaping your opinion It was a common {#blank#}4{#/blank#}that water on Earth originated from comets, so it was hard for Steven Jacobsen to{#blank#}5{#/blank#}other geophysicists of his new discovery. ●{#blank#}6{#/blank#}of hard work Although exhausted, I would feel {#blank#}7{#/blank#} to work on the new prosthetic device on hearing from the blind saying that they can't see their own children's face. ●The unexpected answer {#blank#}8{#/blank#}in the ocean, glass is the only best choice to make a submarine that could take scientists all the way to the bottom. ●A little luck for a long way Philae lander was based on 20 years of planning, with Comet 67P safely {#blank#}9{#/blank#}with a small accident. |
Conclusion | In fact, there's no{#blank#}10{#/blank#}definition of Genius. Views on genius differ from one another, so you just do what you do regardless of whatever label's attached to you. |
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