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题型:阅读选择 题类:真题 难易度:困难

四川省自贡市2020年中考英语试题(含听力音频)

阅读理解

    When it comes to long-distance space travel, the biggest problem is that spaceships can only get as far as the fuel onboard allows. In 1964, a British writer Clarke came up with the idea of "solar sailing "in his science fiction. He wrote of large, mirror-like sails that collect power from the sun and free spaceships from the limitation of fuel.

    This sci-fi idea was first successfully brought to reality (现实)in 2010 by Japan's IKAROS satellite. Ever since then, the technology has improved mission by mission, with the latest being NASA's Advanced Composite Solar Sail 3 (ACS3).NASA has recently announced that it's going to team up with Lithuania's satellite-building company NanoAvionics to test its new sail in low-Earth orbit.

    To many, a solar sail (太阳帆) may look like a giant solar panel (太阳能电池板), but it actual works very differently. While solar panels take in energy from the sun and change it into power solar sails use photons(光子) given off by the sun to create direct power. Besides, solar panels are big and heavy to carry, while solar sails are just the opposite.

    According to Abbott, the CEO of NanoAvionics, the upcoming low-Earth orbit trial with NASA, if successful, will be followed with deep-space missions that involve larger solar sails. These are ideal for low-cost and long-distance space travel because fuel will no longer be a problem.

    "It started as a sci-fi dream, "Popular Mechanics reporter Jennifer Leman wrote. "Now it could be the future of space flight."

(1)、What can we say about solar sailing according to the first two paragraphs?
A、It was widely used in space travel. B、It was tried by IKAROS satellite. C、It was from the creative idea by Clarke.
(2)、Which of the following words best describe solar sails compared with solar panels?
A、Big and heavy. B、Small and light. C、Powerful and large.
(3)、What does the underlined word These in paragraph 4 refer to?
A、Larger solar sails. B、Deep-space missions. C、Long-distance space flights.
(4)、What is the best title for the text?
A、Solar Sail: the Latest Technology B、Solar Sail: from Dream to Reality C、Solar Sail: a New Kind of Spaceship
举一反三
根据短文内容的理解,选择正确答案。   

    In many high schools, there are strict rules about using mobile phones. If your phone rings in class, for example, the teacher will be very angry.

    Every mobile phone has a ringtone (铃声). It tells you that someone is calling you. Now, there is a ringtone called "mosquitotone (蚊子铃声)". Using it, students can receive calls and text messages (短信) in class but the teacher will not realize what is happening. How?

    Mosquitotone has a special sound. Only children and teenagers can hear it. As we get older, we are unable to hear some sounds with high frequencies (频率). As a result, a child or teenager can hear the mosquitotone ringtone, but someone of 20 or older can't.

    But sometimes, people over 20 can hear the ringtone. One British student's phone uses mosquitotone. In class, the student's phone rang. The 22-year-old teacher looked at the student and became unhappy. "I heard that. You know the rule: no mobile phone in class."

    Not all the students are interested in mosquitotone. Jerry Jones, a high school student of 17, says, "Using mosquitotone too often is bad for our hearing. I may use it for pleasure, but not in class. It's unfair(不公平的) to the teachers!"

    What do parents think of mosquitotone? "I think it is perfect for places like movie theaters," says Connie Neeson, 44. "Think about it. You're watching a film and someone's mobile phone rings. Mosquitotone is good because many people don't hear it. However, it also has a bad influence(影响) on their study if students use it in class."

阅读理解

    Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The program works because everyone's eyes are different. So in the future you won't have to remember the number of your credit card when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank. You'll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are.

    The eye-recognition(眼睛识别)program has already been tested in shops and banks in the USA, Britain, Spain, Italy and Turkey. Soon this technology will take the place of all other ways of finding out who people are.

    Eye-recognition is a course of recognizing iris(虹膜), which includes the following steps. First, a kind of machine needs to collect different examples of one's iris from his eyes and store them. Second, when this person goes to the bank to take out money, this machine will have iris feature extraction(采集). Then, this machine will compare the examples kept in it with iris feature extraction. Once the examples and the feature extraction are the same, this person will be identified, and he will take out the money from the bank successfully.

    However, scientists are also working on other systems. Machines will soon be able to know you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell! We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or the mark made by your finger.

    Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes don't change as you get older, and don't get dirty like hands or fingers, and even twins have different eyes. So the eye-recognition program can be up to 94% correct, depending on how good the technology is. However, some other programs may only be 51% correct now. In Britain, it was found that 91% of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of eye-recognition.

    In the future your computer will be looking you in the eye. So smile!

阅读理解

    Science is proving what pet owners have long believed: Dogs understand what we're feeling. Especially, dogs can recognize(识别) the difference between a happy and an angry human face, a study published Thursday in Current Biology suggests.

    It's the first research to show that dogs are sensitive (敏感) to our facial expressions, says the author Ludwig Huber at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna.

    In the Austrian study, 20 different kinds of pet dogs were taught to play a computer game through a series of exercises. In the first step, the dogs were shown two touch screens, one with a circle and one with a square. Through the exercises, they learned that a treat would appear if they chose the right one.

    Eleven of the 20 dogs were able to catch on to rules of the game and make it to the next test, where they were shown photos of happy and angry faces. The dogs were rewarded if they picked certain expression correctly. During the test, the dogs were shown only the upper half or the lower half of a face.

    It was easier to teach the dogs to choose a happy expression than an angry one, suggesting the dogs do indeed understand the meaning behind the expression, Huber says.

    As a test, the dogs were then presented with: the same half of the faces they saw during the training, but from different people, the other half of the faces used in training, the other half of new faces, the left half of the faces used in training.

    In the cases, the dogs chose the right answer 70 to 100 percent of the time.

    Dogs who had been trained to recognize an expression of anger or happiness on the upper part of a face could find the same expression when shown only the lower part. Huber says, "The only possible explanation is that they recall from memory of everyday life how a whole human face looks when happy or angry."

    Dog owners know their pets not only recognize emotions but also understand the feelings.

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