题型:阅读表达 题类:真题 难易度:困难
北京市2020年中考英语试卷
This 12-year-old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with. It seemed impossible to clean them all up.
Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist-first, by doing a little research. That's how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem; a remote-operated vehicle(遥控潜水器), or ROV. Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
The actually cool part of Du's ROV is the detection(探测) system. She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics. She also uses visible(可见的) light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.
"She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it," says engineer Casey Machado. "It sounds simple, but it's a level of thinking that's really amazing."
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old, and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
When asked about future plans, she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate(气候) change. "I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions," says Du.
Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there.
"I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems," says Du. "But I'm not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet."
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Playing is serious business for children.In fact, it's what they do best! Ask them why they do it, and kids will probably say, "Because it's fun!" But it's much more than that.It's also good for them.
Studies show that from birth babies begin learning through playing.They use their five senses to get to know their new world.Touching allows them to discover how different things feel.Brightly coloured toys and clothing help develop a baby's sense of sight (视觉).When small children choose which toy to play with, they begin developing their abilities in making decisions.
Children love toys that allow them to use their imagination (想象力).Sometimes an empty box is more fun than a high-tech (高科技) toy.That's because a box can become anything to a child.
Crayons, paints and Play-Doh (彩色塑泥) are also good because they allow children to create.Traditional building blocks teach important pre-maths skills.
Playing doesn't become any less important once children start school.Many valuable lessons about life are learned on the school playground.Kids learn how to share, take turns and play by the rules.
The {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of Playing for Children | |
Children's{#blank#}2{#/blank#} | Benefits(好处) |
Playing with brightly coloured toys | It's good for{#blank#}3{#/blank#}a baby's sense of sight. |
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} which toy to play with | Small children can learn how to make decisions. |
Playing with an empty box | It can help children improve their imagination. |
Playing with crayons, paints and Play-Doh | Children can be more creative. |
Playing on the school playground | It can{#blank#}5{#/blank#} children many valuable lessons about life. |
With the rapid development of science and technology, communication methods of people have changed a lot in the past years.
As we all know, in ancient times, people communicated with people who were far from them only by letters, which took a very long time to get the message.
In the 19th century, telegraph was invented, but it was not widely used, letter is still the main method at that time. In1836, John Coker invented the first electromagnetic telegraph(电磁电报机) in the world, then telegraph appeared and was popular, which was much faster than letter, bringing great convenience to people.
As time goes by, telephones become increasingly widely used. Now, the phone has been developed as mobile phone, fixed telephone, Internet telephone and other kinds, being an essential communication tool in the modern information society.
In addition, network communication is popular as well. It is especially widely welcomed by the youths. A great number of people communicate with others on the Internet by using software, such as email, QQ, WeChat, bbs, MSN and so on. Using software is easy. A computer which is connected to the network is enough. In China, WeChat has become the most popular communication software nowadays. WeChat, known as Weixin in Chinese, is a mobile phone text and voice messaging communication software which is developed by Tencent. People can make video calls that not only can hear the sound, but also can see the people you talk to.
The method of communication in ancient time |
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Zhou Yan, a Junior 3 students in Taiyuan, wishes he never got a mobile phone. Last week he went to see a doctor because his arms and fingers were in great pain, and he could not see very well. The doctor told him that he had "mobile phone disease". A growing number of teenagers(青少年) are getting "mobile phone disease" because more and more people are using mobile phones.
Zhou got his mobile phone only five months ago. His mum bought it for him to use when he was out. But Zhou used it to send messages to his friends. He sent messages to them all the time, even after going to bed, Zhou started to do badly in the exams because he spent so much time playing with his mobile phone. His mum got very angry with him but Zhou Yan didn't stop playing with the mobile phone until his arms started to hurt, Yang Ling, a doctor, says that if someone uses his mobile phone too much, like Zhou Yan, he might get "mobile phone disease".
If teenagers find their arms or fingers hurt, they should go to see a doctor as soon as possible. Yang Ling suggests teenagers should try to use their mobile phones less, especially at school. They should try to have fun in other ways, such as reading and doing sports.
Information Card
The grade that Zhou Yan is in |
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The disease that Zhou Yan got |
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The doctor's suggestion on how to have fun for teenagers |
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