题型：阅读理解 题类：模拟题 难易度：困难
江苏省前黄高级中学2017届高三一模适应性考试英语试卷
In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men robbing a damaged train. One of the robbers, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. “Am I in this?” he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, “He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief.”
As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how native peoples saw them as tools for black magic. The “ignorant natives” may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological(人类学的) photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographer(人种学者) sought “pure” pictures of “primitive” cultures, routinely deleting modern articles for daily use such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for truthfulness. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915 — even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.
These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that native cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures. As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women's breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn apart by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure, to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only “kindly” visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the display of “an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict.”
Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.
| Moon shaker GV Chillingsworth Softcover 9781466906358 Price: $14. 50 Pages: 186 www. trafford. com When space plans to harm the world, scientists develop a satellite to save it. However, not everyone wishes for change, and conflicts lead to a new fight, a long way from home. The crew must now work together in order to get back. | ||
The War Around Us Wolfgang Peter May Softcover 9781426921452 Price: $25.99 Pages: 460 www. trafford. com As a young child, Wolfgang Peter May fled from his home in Breslau, Germany during World War II and witnessed the destruction of Dresden. He eventually joined the US Army. In The WarAround Us, May explores and debates many faces of war and delivers a hard-hitting, first-person look at the true face of war. |
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| The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway Hardcover 9780684830490 Price: $14. 99 Pages, 132 www. good reads. com The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by Ernest Hemingway in 1951. It won him the Nobel Prize for Literature and tells the story of Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant fish far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Cuba. Although the book is only two hours, worth of reading, this delightful tale will remain in your memory for years to come. | ||
Little Women Louisa May Alcott Softcover: 9780553212754 Price: $4.99 Pages : 560 www. goodreads. com Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888), which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869. Alcott wrote the books over several months at the request of her publisher. Following the lives of the four March sisters — Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy — the novel details their passage from childhood to womanhood and is loosely based on the author and her three sisters. |
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